“Angela’s Ashes” by Frank McCourt Essay

The life account Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt tells the life of the McCourt family while living in neediness in Limerick, Ireland during the 1930’s and 1940’s. Straightforward McCourt relates his troublesome youth to the peruser up until the time he leaves for America at nineteen years old. Angela’s Ashes has many winning topics, yet one of the most striking is the settings relationship to the family. The setting of the book at last impacts the decisions and way of life of the McCourt family from various perspectives. Living in neediness and not having the option to address fundamental issues drives the characters to result to urgent measures, such episodes as halting Frank McCourt’s training and taking an occupation to help the family. Forthcoming is compelled to accept the position generally on the grounds that his dad is a heavy drinker and uses all the cash to purchase brew as opposed to taking care of his family. Straight to the point portrays this example of drinking ceaselessly the cash by saying † when father gets back home with the beverage smell there is no cash and Mom shouts at him till the twins cry†(42). This circumstance goes on until Mr.McCourt leaves to work in England and is never gotten notification from again which powers Frank to take a vocation at fourteen years of age. Straight to the point assumes the job of the leader of the family gladly and remarks † Its difficult to rest when you know the following day you’re fourteen and beginning your f irst employment as a man†(309). Frank’s capacity to give budgetary strength prompts more prominent solace and day to day environments for his family. The individuals from the McCourt family are likewise compelled to ask and take so as to help the family’s prosperity. Mrs.McCourt asks good cause particularly the St.Vincent de Paul Society for help with essential necessities for the family, for example, food, garments, and furniture. Mrs.McCourt is even compelled to ask for the family’s Christmas supper. The butcher who she asks to advises her † What you can now missus, Is dark pudding and garbage or a sheep’s head or a pig’s head†(97). Mrs.McCourt hesitantly acknowledged the pig’s head and is disparaged strolling home with it. Additionally, the kids are compelled to get pieces of coal for the fire from the street on Christmas Day. Forthcoming depicts the children’s embarrassment by saying, † Even the least fortunate of the poor don’t go out Christmas Day taking coal out the road†(99). In spite of Frank McCourt’s loathsome neediness, tedious starvation and annihilating misfortunes, Angela’s Ashes is certifiably not a deplorable diary. It is in reality up lifting, amusing and now and again triumphant. â€Å"When I think back on my youth I wonder how I figured out how to get by any means. It was, obviously, a hopeless youngster hood: the cheerful adolescence is not really worth your time and energy. More awful than the customary hopeless youth Is the hopeless Irish adolescence, and more awful yet is the hopeless Irish Catholic childhood†, composes Frank McCourt of his initial life Although Frank McCourt’s self-portrayal, Angela’s Ashes, illustrates both horrendous neediness and battles, this content is engaging and up lifting as a result of its emphasis on both cleverness and expectation. McCourt’s text shows the assurance individuals living in awful conditions must have so as to transcend their circumstances and improve lives for themselves and their families. The impact of the story, albeit frequently upsetting and pitiful, isn't discouraging. Straight to the point as the youthful storyteller depicts his life occasions without sharpness, outrage, or fa ult. Destitution and difficulty are dealt with basically as though they are an unavoidable truth, and disregarding the difficult conditions, numerous scenes during the novel are clever. Straight to the point McCourt was conceived in Brooklyn in 1930, soon after the start of the Great Depression. During this time, a great many individuals around the globe were jobless and attempting to endure. Franks father, Malachy McCourt, attempted to get work and lost it effectively because of his liquor addiction. His mom, Angela McCourt, being a decent catholic spouse delivered five infants in four years, leaving her unfit to give the most essential consideration to her youngsters. At the point when the child, Margaret, kicked the bucket because of the stunning day to day environments in Brooklyn, Angela died down into clinical despondency, which went untreated. Other ladies in the structure where the McCourt’s lived took care of the kids until Angela’s cousins organized the family to come back to Ireland. Life in Limerick was significantly less fortunate, with a less steady populace than Brooklyn. The McCourt’s lived in a progression of unsatisfactory pads and houses described by poor sanitation and absence of power. The familyâ had so little furniture that they shared beds, without any sheets or covers. When Malachy McCourt returned his family to a devastated Ireland he decided to live in the south, where he was victimized on account of his northern name and highlight. He couldn't look for some kind of employment and when he at long last did it was past the point of no return. He had gotten a heavy drinker, unfit to control his drinking and fit in with the requests of a vocation. This implied his family was diminished to presence getting handouts and subsequently, his kids starved, and had to get coal from the roadside so as to keep the fire consuming. When Malachy left for work in England he sent no cash home and Angela had to ask for food. In these awful circumstances two a greater amount of her kids kicked the bucket, Angela was hospitalized with an unsuccessful labor and pneumonia, while Frank was hospitalized with typhoid fever and conjunctivitis. Endurance for the family was plainly troublesome and life possibly improved when Frank discovered all day work as a wire kid. His awareness of other's expectations guided him to give his mom his wages so as to help the family. Life in Limerick was regularly connected with humor. A great deal of chuckling got from strict practices, for example, taking the wafer at mass. Since the wafer consistently adhered to people groups tongues, the young men at school needed to work on sucking bits of paper, staying their tongues out for the educators. The transgressions that the youngsters admitted were likewise frequently wellsprings of amusingness for the ministers, and when grandma’s request to know whether she should tidy Franks upchuck with Holy Water is unadulterated joke. â€Å"bless me father for I have trespassed, its been a moment since my last confession†, turns into a mocking remark on Grandma’s obliviousness. Destitution itself decreased the family to other droll circumstances. Devout Grandma’s purposeful lie to the realtor when she denied that there had at any point been two rooms upstairs in Angela’s house has a savage diversion considering her devotion. For the youngst ers Grandma was regularly the wellspring of accidental cleverness from the second they heard her articulation. There is humor in the circumstances brought about by Roman Catholic restriction. On one event Frank is removed from the open library for perusing a book about sex left on the table. The incongruity here is he truly needed to peruse Butlers Life of the Saints however was allured by a book that stunned the bookkeeper. Since the beginning Frank vowed to help his family. To do this he longed for coming back to America. During the novel there was conversation among Frank and his dad about the distinction in economies of the two nations when his dad talked about this over the paper he urged him to find a decent line of work in the place that is known for fresh chances to succeed. These conversations were put with regards to the English abuse of Ireland. It is the images related with New York that truly supported Franks dream throughout the years. The pictures of the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island which he kept as he left New York as a little kid were obvious to the point that he remembered them on his outing back. McCourt’s any expectation of a superior future was shared by his dad, sibling Malachy and hisUncle Pa Sheehan. In any case, it was Frank that had the assurance to work at any specific employment accessible and to set aside cash even id his family starved, so as to make the fantasy genuine. There is no enchantment in Angela’s Ashes. Destitution and sadness are restored by both difficult work and overstepping the law. Not everything that Frank did to spare his charge was decent, however his decisions were made in light of long haul objectives. Angela’s Ashes delineates persistent destitution and the horrible ramifications for people living in filthiness. In any case, Frank McCourt shows that there is consistently humor throughout everyday life, regardless of how urgent the circumstance is. Joined with this is the expectation that supported McCourt and drove him to look for a superior life in the USA.

Development Trend Of Management Accounting -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Development Trend Of Management Accounting? Answer: Presentation The authoritative and the present legal prerequisites that the administration of the firm ought to consider is a vital arrangement for accomplishing the field-tested strategy adequately. This can be accomplished by diminishing the gross benefit by 1% with the goal that the firm brings about a steady income despite the exchanging time frame being intense. $70,000 has additionally been added to the publicizing spending plan for the accomplishment of the bigger market part. In addition, the wages and compensations distributed for the firm have been expanded by a measure of $172,500. The legal prerequisites incorporate the superannuation to be of a 9% of wages and compensations. The finance charge is 4.75% of wages and compensations. The laborers remuneration represents 2% of wages and pay rates. The organization charge is 30%. Extravagance Car charge, Payroll charge, Fringe Benefits expense and GST are the assessment related liabilities of VTI Homecare Pty Ltd. The consistence necessities for VTI Homecare Pty Ltd under the Corporations Act 2001has been that there ought to be a characterized code for administering the direct of the workers and an appropriate structure respects to corporate administration. The monetary answering to ASIC ought to be prepared so that it mirrors the valid and reasonable perspective on the organization. The review of the budget reports ought to likewise be completed yearly so as to hold fast to the prerequisites of the Corporations Act, 2001. Besides, the VTI Homecare Pty Ltd ought to likewise orchestrate a leading body of directors[1]. The manageability and the viability of the bookkeeping programming, MYOB can be gotten from the assistance of broadening of the perceivability degree and business execution. The improvement of the muddled business exercises and the increasing speed of the speed of the business activities by the further disentanglement of the administration structure is encouraged by the bookkeeping programming, MYOB[2]. The other bookkeeping programming that are industrially accessible are Xero and FreshBooks. These bookkeeping programming have been the essential contender of MYOB. FreshBooks has been the generally utilized bookkeeping programming by the entrepreneurs. This specific bookkeeping programming can be used on any gadget like android, iPhone, iPad or Mac. The expense of establishment of FreshBooks is commonly high. Xero is the bookkeeping programming that is basically intended to suit any business independent of the idea of business directed by the business firm. The offices offered by Xero are a streamlined arrangement process, explained recording of the exchanges, an appropriate review into the current monetary wellbeing of business and other related advantages. The main disservice gave by this specific bookkeeping programming is that the entrepreneurs can't manage the cost of it[3]. The coordinating guideline can be applied by recording the pay alongside the pertinent consumption to find out the benefit. The record bunch demonstrates the rundown of records that has been assembled in wording with the predetermined measures and can be alluded to while the spending plans are readied. It is constantly prescribed to set up the spending plans based on a particular timeframe. This is on the grounds that the financial plan arranged for a predetermined timespan brings about increasingly exact figures. The ramifications of fidelity brings about the monetary honesty. The protection of the administration concerning the assets is encouraged by the monetary honor alongside the concurrence with the way that the legitimate commitments have been met. The promotion costs have been diminished in the main quarter of the money related year of 2016-17. The pay and wages have been expanded in the primary quarter of the budgetary year of 2016-17 and the gross benefit have been diminished by 1%. The things that can be remembered for the spending plans for VTI Homeware Pty Ltd are transportation, staff conveniences and office costs. he inside controls that ought to be executed in the association for working the smooth activity of business is isolation of obligations. The business spending plan has been set up by social occasion the applicable data. The most significant result that has thought of the readiness of the business financial plan is that the income with respect to the offer of room beautiful has expanded from $848,562 to $1,018,274. This mirrors the interest for room enlivening in the market. This spending plan uncovers the aggregate sum of GST to be paid is $406,905 The money related integrity with respect to the arrangement of the spending plan has been that all the budgetary exchanges concerning the borrowers have been monetarily perceived and lawfully met. The changes have by and large happened with respect to the costs. This can be accepted because of the defective bookkeeping data framework that has recorded the mixed up estimation of the exchanges. Be that as it may, different reasons may be the rise in the cost of the crude materials or value level because of the expansion in the economy[4]. The monetary presentation of the firm has not been well. The edge with respect to the gross net revenue has diminished. The administration of the firm should show enough drive by boosting the business exercises of the firm by thorough publicizing efforts and other limited time exercises. Inward controls like the isolation of obligations ought to be actualized while using the bookkeeping software[5]. The specific proposal with respect to the predefined case is that the administration ought to consider rebuilding the whole deals process. The advertising methodologies executed by the association ought to be looked into and improved. In addition, the inside controls ought to be subjectively improved [6]. The essential issue with the chose firm, VTI Homeware Pty Ltd has been that the bookkeeping programming used in the firm is flawed. Along these lines, it is enthusiastically suggested that the firm thinks about the establishment of another bookkeeping programming. The administration ought to likewise consider the advancement of the items so as to infer expanded deals income. The inside controls existing in the association ought to likewise be surveyed and adjusted and new controls ought to be executed so as to make the actualized system, a success[7]. References Amirul SM, Mail R, Bakar MA, Ripain N. Data Technology Knowledge and Skills for Accounting Graduates: An Insight from Public Accounting Firms. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2017 Mar 20;10(12). Aziz MA, Ab Rahman H, Alam MM, Said J. Improvement of the responsibility of open divisions through honesty framework, inward control framework and initiative practices: An audit study. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015 Jan 1;28:163-9. Amber S, Jiang W, Lu B. Value impetuses and inward control shortcomings. Contemporary Accounting Research. 2014 Mar 1;31(1):178-201. Boulianne E. Effect of bookkeeping programming usage on understudies' information obtaining: A significant change in bookkeeping training. Diary of Accounting Organizational Change. 2014 Feb 25;10(1):22-48. DeFond ML, Lennox CS. Do PCAOB examinations improve the nature of inner control reviews?. Diary of Accounting Research. 2017 Jun 1;55(3):591-627. Dimitriu O, Matei M. Cloud bookkeeping: another plan of action in a difficult setting. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015 Jan 1;32:665-71. Drew J. Bookkeeping firms moving gradually toward cloud. Diary of Accountancy. 2015 Mar 1;219(3):44. Ge W, Li Z, Liu Q, McVay S. The impact of inward control on corporate defilement: Evidence from China. National Natural Science Foundation of China Project. 2014 Nov 4(71332008). Hooghiemstra R, Hermes N, Emanuels J. National culture and inward control revelations: A cross?country examination. Corporate Governance: An International Review. 2015 Jul 1;23(4):357-77. Islam K, CH AR, Bilal AR, Ilyas MU. Bookkeeping Information Systems: Traditions and Future Directions (By Using AIS in Traditional Organizations). The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. 2017 Jul 27;22(2):1-3. Kelly M. Best Business Accounting: Quickbooks51 Reasons Why. Kowalewski M, Niedzielska J. A Study of the Financial Accounting Software Used by Small Enterprises in Olsztyn. Olsztyn Economic Journal. 2015(10 (3)):233-45. Machado M. The executives bookkeeping programming and bookkeeping rehearses: observational investigation on SME ventures. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics. 2016(1):94-103. Newton NJ, Persellin JS, Wang D, Wilkins MS. Interior control conclusion shopping and review showcase rivalry. The Accounting Review. 2015 May;91(2):603-23. Quinn M, Kristandl G. Business data frameworks for bookkeeping understudies. Pearson Education Ltd.; 2014 Apr 3. Rahman MM, Elahi T, Gupta S, Rahman I. Appraisal of Accounting Software Practices in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Bangladesh: A Survey of Barrier and Adoption (Dhaka City). Sampaio D, Bernardino J. Open source bookkeeping programming for SMEs. Universal Journal of Business Information Systems. 2016;23(3):287-306. Tuzarov S, Mejzlk L. The IFRS Assessment by Publicly Traded Companies. InThe Impact of Globalization on International Finance and Accounting 2018 (pp. 341-346). Springer, Cham. Zhou Z. 90. Structure and Development Trend of Management Accounting Information SystemBased on the Empirical Analysis of Guangju Energy Chemical Listed Companies. Boletn Tcnico, ISSN: 0376-723X. 2017 Oct 6;55(9). Zimmerman J, Libby DV. Fundamental BOOKKEEPING AND ACCOUNTING FOR THE PRIVATE PRACTITIONER. Handbook of Private Practice: Keys to Success for Mental Health Practitioners. 2017 Mar 13.

Input Subsystems Three Input Subsystems Commerce Essay

Info Subsystems Three Input Subsystems Commerce Essay HR insight subsystem This subsystem has the duty regarding keeping current on natural exercises that are particularly essential to human asset exercises (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). Information and data are accumulated depicting exercises of the administration, worker's organizations, providers, the nearby and money related networks, and even contenders (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). Business firms work as providers, piping candidates to the firm. Candidates can likewise originate from the nearby network and from contenders (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The budgetary network gives information and data concerning the financial atmosphere, which impacts the human asset plans (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). A significant part of the knowledge information can be gotten from business databases (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The HRIS database All of the information and data gave by the information subsystems is held in PC stockpiling (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The capacity units can live in IS, HR, or diffe rent areas (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The information relates essentially to the organizations workers, yet additionally can portray the natural components with which HR interfaces (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). Database the board framework (DBMS) programming plays out the upkeep forms (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). HRIS Database comprises of number of databases, for example, worker database, official pursuit firm databases, college databases, business organization databases, free databases, corporate employment banks㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦etc. Yield subsystems The yield subsystems comprise of different sorts of programming that change information in the database into data yields. The product can incorporate report essayists, scientific models, office computerization bundles, for example, email and work area distributing, and uses of man-made brainpower, for example, master frameworks. As per the model, the yield subsystems speak to the six gatherings of HRSP applications. 54 Workforce arranging subsystem is one of the yield subsystems in HRIS model, which empowers the supervisor to distinguish future individual needs (Figure 2.6). It encourages association diagramming, compensation estimating, work examination or assessment, arranging and work power displaying. Enlisting yield subsystem empowers candidate following and interior pursuit. Workforce Management yield subsystem chip away at execution examination, preparing, position control that guarantees headcount doesn't surpass planned cutoff points, migration, abilities or competency estimating, progression arranging and disciplinary. Pay yield subsystem chips away at merit builds, finance, official pay, extra motivating forces and participation. Advantages yield subsystem characterized commitment, advantages and claims preparing. Natural announcing yield subsystem chip away at detailing firms work force approaches and practices to the legislature. Reports like association expands, wellbeing records and harmful substance produce through this framework. The model (Figure 2.6) gave a decent system of HRIS parts. It followed the three principle ideas of framework: information sources, procedures, and yields tending to the wide assortment of HRIS applications also. As per McLeod and Anctis (1995), the HRIS has offered solid help in the remuneration and advantages regions, yet different exercises that happen during business request more noteworthy consideration. For instance, little consideration has been aimed at exercises identifying with hierarchical exit, or end. Numerous organizations have disregarded applications for workforce the executives and enlisting. They further accentuated, if HRIS assets were planned for building solid arranging frameworks, cutting-edge HRIS databases, and responsive data yield frameworks, at that point the HRIS would bolster the board in every one of its workforce-related exercises. This immediate administration backing would add to the organizations key targets, whatever they may be. As the HRIS makes a superior showing of giving administration data about individuals and their employments, it will harden its situation in the firm as an esteemed data framework (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). 55 2.4.6. HRIS Model McLeod and Schell Information Exchange preparing framework HR investigate subsystem HR insight subsystem Inner sources Natural sources Information subsystems Yield subsystems Clients HRIS Database Enrolling subsystem Natural detailing subsystem Remuneration Subsystem Workforce the board subsystem Work power arranging subsystem Advantages subsystem Figure 2.7: A model of a human asset data framework Source: McLeod and Schell, 2007 McLeod and Schell somewhat adjusted the Resource-Flow HRIS Model in 2007 (Figure 2.7). The information handling sub framework was named as exchange preparing sub framework. 56 2.5. Human asset procedure Thomas (1996) characterized HR technique as a co-ordinated set of activities planned for incorporating an associations culture, association, individuals and frameworks (Figure 2.8). He verbalized HR methodology as the attachment and consistency of an unmistakable example of conduct. Its relationship to the corporate methodology decides its adequacy and achievement. Figure 2.8: HR methodology Source: Thomas, 1996 IT Promoting Fund Deals Creation R D Corporate methodology HR statement of purpose HR investigation Ecological investigation Association investigation HR arranging Generation of vital alternatives/decisions Objectives Culture Association Individuals Frameworks HR utilitarian activity plan Usage Audit and assessment HR methodology helps the association to accomplish vital objective in the medium to long haul. It ought to radiate plainly from corporate business procedure lining up with hierarchical different plans and techniques (Figure 2.8). 57 The HR work in todays association needs to consider itself a business-working unit, utilizing the very same showcasing, specialized and quantitative abilities as those, which are utilized, by different capacities (Thomas, 1996). Figure 2.9: Human assets procedure arranging Source: Thomas, 1996 HR key arrangement is impacted by four measurements: culture, association, individuals and frameworks (Figure 2.9). Association structure, work jobs and revealing lines ought to coordinate with representative expertise levels, staff imminent and the executives abilities. Culture, which is key part of the authoritative, is conviction, worth, standards and style. Association culture its estimation, observing and the board gives the possibility to improve authoritative execution (Thomas, 1996). Frameworks can be manual just as automated procedures used to do the assignments inside the association. HR Information Systems (HRIS) or Human Resources Management Systems (HRMS) assume driving job in automated HR Systems. In this manner, HR technique plan ought not exclusively be inline with corporative marketable strategy yet additionally with authoritative Information Systems key arrangement. The structure work jobs and detailing lines of the association The procedure by which things complete in the association The expertise levels, staff potential and the board capacity of the association The convictions, qualities, standards and style of the association Age of vital Choices Decisions Association Frameworks Individuals Culture HR strategies and targets 58 2.7. End Associations use Information Systems in every one of the three degrees of data the board: vital, strategic and operational. HRIS is one of the data frameworks out which changes the job of the HR office consolidating records for worker asset, rewards, preparing, and so forth. Numerous examinations refered to HRIS benefits, for example, upgrades in exactness, cost sparing, opportune and fast access to data through HR reports, dynamic and expanded intensity. Absence of top administration support, reserves, HR information on framework fashioners and HR arrangements, are the fundamental variables getting associations far from HRIS. As per writing, human asset arranging, enrolling, and preparing are less regular clients inside staff maybe reflecting more noteworthy utilization of the framework for routine announcing than for choice help. HRIS is arranged in to two sorts as per their use: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢unsophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢sophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-. Finance a nd advantages organization, representative nonattendance records keeping electronically are recorded as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢unsophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-. Utilization of IS in enlistment and choice, preparing and advancement, HR arranging and execution evaluation, is named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢sophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-. Numerous looks into were interested about the mix of HRIS with other rising advances, for example, MIS, ERP, eHRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. Because of the approach of Internet innovation and the developing idea of business knowledge HRM frameworks have changed to e-HRM frameworks. It is difficult to give an obvious view to recognize eHR from HRIS since HRIS created with a large portion of the eHR includes today. As per Alvarez-Suescun (2007), firm size or specialized aptitudes don't influence authoritative sourcing choices. The HRIS execution sourcing choice might be affected by past encounters in the usage of different frameworks and vital commitment of the IS on the interior asso ciation. As per some writing associations increase serious and vital favorable position if HRIS exercises are embraced inside. HRIS encourages preparing and advancement and enlistment and segment procedures of the associations. The preparation and improvement work is fundamental for changing conduct and culture and strengthening the new conduct and culture in an association. 59 The preparation procedure comprises of four stages. The principal stage is the preparation needs examination (TNA). The subsequent stage is the structure stage. The th

High-Risk Drinking in College Athletes and Nonathletes - Free Essay Example

The article High-Risk Drinking in College Athletes and Nonathletes Across the Academic Year from the journal, Journal of College Counseling which is written by Diana M. Doumas, Rob Turrisi, Kenneth M. Coll, and Kate Haralson, explores heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences between freshman student-athletes and non-athletes. Student-athletes are at a higher risk of it than non-athletes; social and personal problems are related to greater drinking (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 163). Therers a big difference between student-athletes and non-athletes which may lead to a higher risk of drinking. According to this article, student-athletes automatically have more stress than non athletes because their expectations/demands are greater. These expectations include how well they perform as an athlete and also they have to meet the demands of their professors. While non-athletes only have to worry about academics and maybe clubs. Plus, athletes have to create time for their social lives, but not only that, they still have to stay in peak condition for their sport throughout the year. Another reason the article states for the heavy drinking in student-athletes is that they have special status as athletes that the non-athletes most likely dont have. This status gives the student-athletes a greater chance to be invited to social functions like parties where there usually is drinking (Doumas et al.,2007,p. 164). The authors hypothesis about high-risk drinking in freshman college students was that freshman student-athletes would drink more and have more drinking-related consequences than non-athletes (Doumas et al.,2007,p. 165 170). The researchers examined the freshman for this study because they believed that freshman had the highest risk of being exposed to drinking due to previous research done on this topic. In addition to the hypothesis stated before, they also wanted to examine the difference of drinking habitats (if they increased or decreased) from the fall term to the spring term of their freshman academic year (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 170). The reason why they wanted to do this was that no other research was done on this topic that had looked into the difference of alcohol consumption between the fall and spring term or a t least gone into detail like they did. The sample used for this study was a survey from 455 freshmen that attended a university and those participants were split into the student-athlete group or a non-athlete group depending on if they played sports or any sports-related clubs (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 165). Each person was given questionnaires that ask questions related to the use of alcohol and the consequences that come with alcohol. To calculate the amount of drinking the student-athletes did versus the non-athletes they used quantity of alcohol drunk and the frequency of drunkenness from Thursday to Saturday for a typical week (Doumas et al., 2007, p. 166). To examine the alcohol-related consequences they used the YAAPST, which was a questionnaire that asked about the negative consequences that occurred in the past year that related to alcohol, and they split up the consequences into four categories (academic, interpersonal, physical, and dangerous) and each of them used specific questions from the YAAPST questionnaire (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 167). The results of the study were that student-athletes do indeed drink more and have more drinking-related consequences than a non athlete (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 169). The results also showed that the status of an athlete had a drastic effect on how many times a person drank alcohol (or went to a social function) so this backs up the idea that being an athlete has a greater chance and more opportunities to be in unfamiliar social situations. The results for the difference of heavy drinking between the spring term versus fall term were that drinking quantity, the frequency of drunkness, and the consequences all increased from the fall term to the spring term (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 169). According to the authors, the increase is most likely due to the fact that alcohol prevention programs are presented before the fall term begins and no other programs are presented after that; therefore, the effects of the program decline as the year goes on which explains the increase (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 169). Analysis Overall the research that was done about the high-risk drinking of freshman student-athletes versus non athletes was pretty excellent. There were many things that were done well and some things that could be improved for future research. One aspect of the research that was done well was the fact that they used a high amount of students that took the surveys. This means that the results would be more accurate and if the researchers didnt use as many students then the results would have been less accurate. Another thing that they did well was that the gender of the participants was pretty much the same. If the gender was drastically different in each group (athletes and non athletes) then it may have affected the results of the study. Something else that was done well was the fact that they split up the alcohol-related into different categories, which made the research on that aspect of the study more specific and accurate. However, in future research they should add more alcohol-related consequences to the categories; for example, they can use the different types of sports the students played and what consequences ca me with that. There are some things that can be improved about this research. First, they should use a more variety of questionnaires for the measurement of drinking quantity and the frequency of it too. A bigger variety would give the researchers more specific information and in the end possibly a more accurate result. Another thing that can be improved is that this study didnt follow the same students from the spring term to the fall term, which could have thrown off the results about the increase of drinking from fall to spring (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 171). If the students were followed then the research could have a stronger and more accurate result. A limitation of this study is that it can only show that alcohol drinking prevention programs need to have better timing; it doesnt give a specific program that would or it doesnt when the best time is for them (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 171). This study is geared towards colleges and college counselors to be specific. It shows that di fferent and more steps are needed to be taken to reduce the amount of drinking in students especially athletes. According to the study, the prevention programs need to have better timing or at least there should be more of them throughout the academic year. The research also shows that programs should have more variety in them; for example, most programs that presented are like lectures and the article conveys that feedback from a person or parent programs are more likely to be effective than the lecture-based ones (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 171). This study/research is valuable to colleges and future research should expand upon this and study some parts of it in more detail. Though there are many things that can be improved on this study but that doesnt change the fact that it gave valuable information to college counselors about alcohol drinking among students and what group of students have the highest risk for it. The counselors can use this information to create better prevention programs and have a better sense of timing because of this study. Overall the research was great and it studied a topic that is usually underlooked.

Timeline of the Ancient Maya

The Maya were an advanced Mesoamerican civilization living in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras. Unlike the Inca or the Aztecs, the Maya were not one unified empire, but rather a series of powerful city-states that often allied with or warred upon one another. Maya civilization peaked around 800 A.D. or so before falling into decline. By the time of the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century, the Maya were rebuilding, with powerful city-states rising once again, but the Spanish defeated them. The descendants of the Maya still live in the region and many of them continue to practice cultural traditions such as language, dress, cuisine, and religion. The Maya Preclassic Period (1800–300 BCE) People first arrived in Mexico and Central America millennia ago, living as hunter-gatherers in the rain forests and volcanic hills of the region. They first began developing cultural characteristics associated with the Maya civilization around 1800 BCE on Guatemalas western coast. By 1000 BCE the Maya had spread throughout the lowland forests of southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The Maya of the Preclassic period lived in small villages in basic homes and dedicated themselves to subsistence agriculture. The major cities of the Maya, such as Palenque, Tikal, and Copà ¡n, were established during this time and began to prosper. Basic trade was developed, linking the city-states and facilitating cultural exchange. The Late Preclassic Period (300 BCE–300 CE) The late Maya Preclassic Period lasted roughly from 300 B.C. to 300 A.D. and is marked by developments in Maya culture. Great temples were constructed: their facades were decorated with stucco sculptures and paint. Long-distance trade flourished, particularly for luxury items such as jade and obsidian. Royal tombs dating from this time are more elaborate than those from the early and middle Preclassic periods and often contained offerings and treasures. The Early Classic Period (300 CE–600 CE) The Classic Period is considered to have begun when the Maya began carving ornate, beautiful stelae (stylized statues of leaders and rulers) with dates given in the Maya long count calendar. The earliest date on a Maya stela is 292 CE (at Tikal) and the latest is 909 CE (at Tonina). During the early Classic Period (300–600 CE), the Maya continued developing many of their most important intellectual pursuits, such as astronomy, mathematics, and architecture. During this time, the city of Teotihuacà ¡n, located near Mexico City, exerted a great influence on the Maya city-states, as is shown by the presence of pottery and architecture done in the Teotihuacà ¡n style. The Late Classic Period (600–900) The Maya late Classic Period marks the high point of Maya culture. Powerful city-states like Tikal and Calakmul dominated the regions around them and art, culture and religion reached their peaks. The city-states warred, allied with, and traded with one another. There may have been as many as 80 Maya city-states during this time. The cities were ruled by an elite ruling class and priests who claimed to be directly descended from the Sin, Moon, stars, and planets. The cities held more people than they could support, so trade for food, as well as luxury items, was brisk. The ceremonial ball game was a feature of all Maya cities. The Postclassic Period (800–1546) Between 800 and 900 A.D., the major cities in the southern Maya region all fell into decline and were mostly or completely abandoned. There are several theories as to why this occurred: historians tend to believe that it was excessive warfare, overpopulation, an ecological disaster or a combination of these factors that brought down the Maya civilization. In the north, however, cities like Uxmal and Chichen Itza prospered and developed. War was still a persistent problem: many of the Maya cities from this time were fortified. Sacbes, or Maya highways, were constructed and maintained, indicating that trade continued to be important. Maya culture continued: all four of the surviving Maya codices were produced during the Postclassic period. The Spanish Conquest (ca. 1546) By the time the Aztec Empire rose in Central Mexico, the Maya were rebuilding their civilization. The city of Mayapan in Yucatà ¡n became an important city, and cities and settlements on the eastern coast of the Yucatà ¡n prospered. In Guatemala, ethnic groups such as the Quichà © and Cachiquels once again built cities and engaged in trade and warfare. These groups came under the control of the Aztecs as a sort of vassal states. When Hernà ¡n Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521, he learned of the existence of these powerful cultures to the far south and he sent his most ruthless lieutenant, Pedro de Alvarado, to investigate and conquer them. Alvarado did so, subduing one city-state after another, playing on regional rivalries just as Cortes had done. At the same time, European diseases such as measles and smallpox decimated the Maya population. Colonial and Republican Eras The Spanish essentially enslaved the Maya, dividing their lands up among the conquistadors and bureaucrats who came to rule in the Americas. The Maya suffered greatly in spite of the efforts of some enlightened men like Bartolomà © de Las Casas who argued for their rights in Spanish courts. The native people of southern Mexico and northern Central America were reluctant subjects of the Spanish Empire and bloody rebellions were common. With Independence coming in the early nineteenth century, the situation of the average indigenous native of the region changed little. They were still repressed and still chafed at it: when the Mexican-American War broke out (1846–1848) ethnic Maya in Yucatà ¡n took up arms, kicking off the bloody Caste War of Yucatan in which hundreds of thousands were killed. The Maya Today Today, the descendants of the Maya still live in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras. Many continue to hold to their traditions, such as speaking their native languages, wearing traditional clothes and practicing indigenous forms of the religion. In recent years, they have won more freedoms, such as the right to practice their religion openly. They are also learning to cash in on their culture, selling handicrafts at native markets and promoting tourism to their regions: with this newfound wealth from tourism is coming political power. The most famous Maya today is probably the Quichà © Indian Rigoberta Menchà º, winner of the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize. She is a well-known activist for native rights and occasional presidential candidate in her native Guatemala. Interest in Maya culture was at an all-time high in 2010, as the Maya calendar was set to reset in 2012, prompting many to speculate about the end of the world. Sources Aldana y Villalobos, Gerardo and Edwin L. Barnhart (eds.) Archaeoastronomy and the Maya. Eds. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2014. Martin, Simon, and Nicolai Grube. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London: Thames and Hudson, 2008. McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, July 17, 2006. Sharer, Robert J. The Ancient Maya. 6th ed. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2006.

Microeconomics Issues of Rising Oil and Gas Prices...

Introduction In this text, I concern myself with the contents of two articles based on recent microeconomics issues. During the last two months, the price of gas in the U.S. has been on an upward trend. Taking into consideration recent happenings on the international scene, this trend could have been triggered by many different factors. The articles I make use of in this case discuss the rising oil and gas prices. Discussion While the first article I concern myself with predicts an increase in gas prices, the second article confirms an increase in the price of oil. From the onset, the first article, titled Increased Gas Prices? Dont Blame Unrest in Egypt, points out to readers that they could soon find themselves digging deeper into their pockets for a gallon of gas. However, even though it acknowledges that the unrest in Egypt could be to blame for the increase in gas price, it warns against apportioning all the blame to the said unrest. 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A Woman of No Importance, Final Act free essay sample

Wilde uses many dramatic effects throughout the play to shock and amuse the audience and many of them can be seen in this final scene. The fact that this conversation between Mrs Arbuthnot and Lord Illingworth takes place in Mrs Arbuthnot’s house, her personal space and territory puts her at an advantage and it shows that Lord Illingworth is surrendering his usual control over his situations By Lord Illingworth referring to Mrs Arbuthnot as ‘Rachel’ we are again made aware that we are listening to two people who have a strong past relationship. She calls him ‘George Harford’ while he uses her name far less often that in the persuasive Act 2. During this scene, Lord Illingworth speaks with awareness of the legal situation, he knows he can never make Gerald legitimate but he is willing to leave him property â€Å"What more can a gentleman desire in this world? † and Mrs Arbuthnot’s response of â€Å"Nothing more, I am quite sure† turns this in to a class confrontation. When Mrs Arbuthnot says â€Å"I told you I was not interested, and I beg you to go. † this is a threat to conventional society and the audience would have been shocked by this. She treats Lord Illingworth as he once treated her, in purely financial terms and she tells him that Gerald no longer needs his money, â€Å"You come too late. My son has no need of you. You are not necessary. † She then goes on to explain to him that Gerald and Hester are in love and they don’t need his money because Hester already has money of her own. Lord Illingworth asks where they will go and Mrs Arbuthnot’s reply â€Å"We will not tell you, and if you find us we will not know you. You seem surprised. What welcome would you get from the girl whose lips you tried to soil, from the boy whose life you have shamed, from the mother who dishonor comes from you? † is very melodramatic and it also relives the fact that Lord Illingworth tried to kiss Hester and this is when Gerald found out that he was his father, â€Å"Lord Illingworth you have insulted the purest thing on Gods earth†. This leaves Lord Illingworth to admit that he wants Gerald, â€Å"Rachel, I want my son. † Wilde uses many props in this scene, the main one being the letter Gerald has written to Lord Illingworth imploring him to marry his mother. The audience know what is written in the letter before Lord Illingworth does and this adds drama and tension because the audience are waiting for the big reveal and to see what happens. This letter also links back to the letter that Lord Illingworth sees in Act 2 and says â€Å"What a curious handwriting! It reminds me of the handwriting of a woman I used to know years ago. † and his dismissal of it so simply. The stage direction of ‘Mrs Arbuthnot watches him all the time’ is very important because she wants to see his reaction. Ironically his proposal of marriage after reading Gerald’s letter uses similar language to Mrs Arbuthnot’s when explaining to Gerald why she would refuse him, for her marriage would be a ‘sacrifice’ and for Lord Illingworth it would be a ‘surrender’. For Mrs Arbuthnot to say this at this point in the play would have been very uncommon for the time because the audience would be expecting a happy ending, for the fallen women to marry the father of her child or for it to end like a melodrama, in tragedy. For the first time, Mrs Arbuthnot is triumphant against Lord Illingworth with the repetition of his own words when she says, â€Å"Children begin by loving their parents. After a time they judge them. Rarely if ever do they forgive them. † Lord Illingworth is clearly surprised at this response and then resorts to cruelty. His parting speech creates an exciting climax as the censorship of the time wouldn’t allow anyone to say the word ‘bastard’ on the stage. Wilde’s stage direction of Mrs Arbuthnot’s use of the glove â€Å"Mrs Arbuthnot snatches up glove and strikes Lord Illingworth across the face with it† is a very good use of a prop because in the time this play was written a glove was a very masculine item and being hit with one was a sign of violence and confrontation. The audience is allowed a shock, due to the word about to be spoken and then they get a relief as the taboo is maintained by Mrs Arbuthnot cutting Lord Illingworth off before he can finish his sentence because she will not let him say the word because she doesn’t want to hear him say this about her beloved son. The villain is punished and Mrs Arbuthnot’s respectability is ma intained. All of this is typical of a melodrama and we the audience now feel something has been accomplished. Wilde’s use of stage directions are very well placed and are very dramatic, especially the last few lines of this scene when Mrs Arbuthnot ‘falls sobbing on the sofa’ and it reinforces that this play is a melodrama because people are not usually this dramatic in normal everyday life. Gerald and Hester now return to Mrs Arbuthnot and we have the image of ‘a man and a woman in a garden’ which has been mentioned previously throughout the play and is a sign of sex and fertility and in this scene it shows the audience the image of a new family emerging. Due to Hester having changed her views from believing that women who have children outside of the laws of marriage should be punished, â€Å"A woman who has sinned should be punished, shouldn’t she? † And that the children should also carry this shame, â€Å"Yes, it is right that the sins of the parents should be visited on the children. It is a just law. It is God’s law. † to her now saying â€Å"I was wrong. Gods law is only love. † Because she is in love with Gerald and has managed to listen and understand all of the things that Mrs Arbuthnot has had to face to bring up Gerald alone. At the end of the play when Gerald sees the glove lying on the floor Mrs Arbuthnot picks up and changes the title line of the play and once again mirrors Lord Illingworth’s statement about seeing the letter from Mrs Arbuthnot, â€Å"Oh! o one. No one in particular. A Man of no importance. † Unmarried and defiant she enters into a fresh and better world although the 19th century attitudes to marriage are still upheld in a way because even though she has won against Lord Illingworth and she has managed to keep Gerald and now has the love and respect of Hester the audience are still left with the image of them being exiled to America, where they have less strict views on illegitimacy and have more freedo m.