“Angela’s Ashes” by Frank McCourt Essay

The life account Angela’s Ashes by Frank McCourt tells the life of the McCourt family while living in neediness in Limerick, Ireland during the 1930’s and 1940’s. Straightforward McCourt relates his troublesome youth to the peruser up until the time he leaves for America at nineteen years old. Angela’s Ashes has many winning topics, yet one of the most striking is the settings relationship to the family. The setting of the book at last impacts the decisions and way of life of the McCourt family from various perspectives. Living in neediness and not having the option to address fundamental issues drives the characters to result to urgent measures, such episodes as halting Frank McCourt’s training and taking an occupation to help the family. Forthcoming is compelled to accept the position generally on the grounds that his dad is a heavy drinker and uses all the cash to purchase brew as opposed to taking care of his family. Straight to the point portrays this example of drinking ceaselessly the cash by saying † when father gets back home with the beverage smell there is no cash and Mom shouts at him till the twins cry†(42). This circumstance goes on until Mr.McCourt leaves to work in England and is never gotten notification from again which powers Frank to take a vocation at fourteen years of age. Straight to the point assumes the job of the leader of the family gladly and remarks † Its difficult to rest when you know the following day you’re fourteen and beginning your f irst employment as a man†(309). Frank’s capacity to give budgetary strength prompts more prominent solace and day to day environments for his family. The individuals from the McCourt family are likewise compelled to ask and take so as to help the family’s prosperity. Mrs.McCourt asks good cause particularly the St.Vincent de Paul Society for help with essential necessities for the family, for example, food, garments, and furniture. Mrs.McCourt is even compelled to ask for the family’s Christmas supper. The butcher who she asks to advises her † What you can now missus, Is dark pudding and garbage or a sheep’s head or a pig’s head†(97). Mrs.McCourt hesitantly acknowledged the pig’s head and is disparaged strolling home with it. Additionally, the kids are compelled to get pieces of coal for the fire from the street on Christmas Day. Forthcoming depicts the children’s embarrassment by saying, † Even the least fortunate of the poor don’t go out Christmas Day taking coal out the road†(99). In spite of Frank McCourt’s loathsome neediness, tedious starvation and annihilating misfortunes, Angela’s Ashes is certifiably not a deplorable diary. It is in reality up lifting, amusing and now and again triumphant. â€Å"When I think back on my youth I wonder how I figured out how to get by any means. It was, obviously, a hopeless youngster hood: the cheerful adolescence is not really worth your time and energy. More awful than the customary hopeless youth Is the hopeless Irish adolescence, and more awful yet is the hopeless Irish Catholic childhood†, composes Frank McCourt of his initial life Although Frank McCourt’s self-portrayal, Angela’s Ashes, illustrates both horrendous neediness and battles, this content is engaging and up lifting as a result of its emphasis on both cleverness and expectation. McCourt’s text shows the assurance individuals living in awful conditions must have so as to transcend their circumstances and improve lives for themselves and their families. The impact of the story, albeit frequently upsetting and pitiful, isn't discouraging. Straight to the point as the youthful storyteller depicts his life occasions without sharpness, outrage, or fa ult. Destitution and difficulty are dealt with basically as though they are an unavoidable truth, and disregarding the difficult conditions, numerous scenes during the novel are clever. Straight to the point McCourt was conceived in Brooklyn in 1930, soon after the start of the Great Depression. During this time, a great many individuals around the globe were jobless and attempting to endure. Franks father, Malachy McCourt, attempted to get work and lost it effectively because of his liquor addiction. His mom, Angela McCourt, being a decent catholic spouse delivered five infants in four years, leaving her unfit to give the most essential consideration to her youngsters. At the point when the child, Margaret, kicked the bucket because of the stunning day to day environments in Brooklyn, Angela died down into clinical despondency, which went untreated. Other ladies in the structure where the McCourt’s lived took care of the kids until Angela’s cousins organized the family to come back to Ireland. Life in Limerick was significantly less fortunate, with a less steady populace than Brooklyn. The McCourt’s lived in a progression of unsatisfactory pads and houses described by poor sanitation and absence of power. The familyâ had so little furniture that they shared beds, without any sheets or covers. When Malachy McCourt returned his family to a devastated Ireland he decided to live in the south, where he was victimized on account of his northern name and highlight. He couldn't look for some kind of employment and when he at long last did it was past the point of no return. He had gotten a heavy drinker, unfit to control his drinking and fit in with the requests of a vocation. This implied his family was diminished to presence getting handouts and subsequently, his kids starved, and had to get coal from the roadside so as to keep the fire consuming. When Malachy left for work in England he sent no cash home and Angela had to ask for food. In these awful circumstances two a greater amount of her kids kicked the bucket, Angela was hospitalized with an unsuccessful labor and pneumonia, while Frank was hospitalized with typhoid fever and conjunctivitis. Endurance for the family was plainly troublesome and life possibly improved when Frank discovered all day work as a wire kid. His awareness of other's expectations guided him to give his mom his wages so as to help the family. Life in Limerick was regularly connected with humor. A great deal of chuckling got from strict practices, for example, taking the wafer at mass. Since the wafer consistently adhered to people groups tongues, the young men at school needed to work on sucking bits of paper, staying their tongues out for the educators. The transgressions that the youngsters admitted were likewise frequently wellsprings of amusingness for the ministers, and when grandma’s request to know whether she should tidy Franks upchuck with Holy Water is unadulterated joke. â€Å"bless me father for I have trespassed, its been a moment since my last confession†, turns into a mocking remark on Grandma’s obliviousness. Destitution itself decreased the family to other droll circumstances. Devout Grandma’s purposeful lie to the realtor when she denied that there had at any point been two rooms upstairs in Angela’s house has a savage diversion considering her devotion. For the youngst ers Grandma was regularly the wellspring of accidental cleverness from the second they heard her articulation. There is humor in the circumstances brought about by Roman Catholic restriction. On one event Frank is removed from the open library for perusing a book about sex left on the table. The incongruity here is he truly needed to peruse Butlers Life of the Saints however was allured by a book that stunned the bookkeeper. Since the beginning Frank vowed to help his family. To do this he longed for coming back to America. During the novel there was conversation among Frank and his dad about the distinction in economies of the two nations when his dad talked about this over the paper he urged him to find a decent line of work in the place that is known for fresh chances to succeed. These conversations were put with regards to the English abuse of Ireland. It is the images related with New York that truly supported Franks dream throughout the years. The pictures of the Statue of Liberty and Ellis Island which he kept as he left New York as a little kid were obvious to the point that he remembered them on his outing back. McCourt’s any expectation of a superior future was shared by his dad, sibling Malachy and hisUncle Pa Sheehan. In any case, it was Frank that had the assurance to work at any specific employment accessible and to set aside cash even id his family starved, so as to make the fantasy genuine. There is no enchantment in Angela’s Ashes. Destitution and sadness are restored by both difficult work and overstepping the law. Not everything that Frank did to spare his charge was decent, however his decisions were made in light of long haul objectives. Angela’s Ashes delineates persistent destitution and the horrible ramifications for people living in filthiness. In any case, Frank McCourt shows that there is consistently humor throughout everyday life, regardless of how urgent the circumstance is. Joined with this is the expectation that supported McCourt and drove him to look for a superior life in the USA.

Development Trend Of Management Accounting -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Development Trend Of Management Accounting? Answer: Presentation The authoritative and the present legal prerequisites that the administration of the firm ought to consider is a vital arrangement for accomplishing the field-tested strategy adequately. This can be accomplished by diminishing the gross benefit by 1% with the goal that the firm brings about a steady income despite the exchanging time frame being intense. $70,000 has additionally been added to the publicizing spending plan for the accomplishment of the bigger market part. In addition, the wages and compensations distributed for the firm have been expanded by a measure of $172,500. The legal prerequisites incorporate the superannuation to be of a 9% of wages and compensations. The finance charge is 4.75% of wages and compensations. The laborers remuneration represents 2% of wages and pay rates. The organization charge is 30%. Extravagance Car charge, Payroll charge, Fringe Benefits expense and GST are the assessment related liabilities of VTI Homecare Pty Ltd. The consistence necessities for VTI Homecare Pty Ltd under the Corporations Act 2001has been that there ought to be a characterized code for administering the direct of the workers and an appropriate structure respects to corporate administration. The monetary answering to ASIC ought to be prepared so that it mirrors the valid and reasonable perspective on the organization. The review of the budget reports ought to likewise be completed yearly so as to hold fast to the prerequisites of the Corporations Act, 2001. Besides, the VTI Homecare Pty Ltd ought to likewise orchestrate a leading body of directors[1]. The manageability and the viability of the bookkeeping programming, MYOB can be gotten from the assistance of broadening of the perceivability degree and business execution. The improvement of the muddled business exercises and the increasing speed of the speed of the business activities by the further disentanglement of the administration structure is encouraged by the bookkeeping programming, MYOB[2]. The other bookkeeping programming that are industrially accessible are Xero and FreshBooks. These bookkeeping programming have been the essential contender of MYOB. FreshBooks has been the generally utilized bookkeeping programming by the entrepreneurs. This specific bookkeeping programming can be used on any gadget like android, iPhone, iPad or Mac. The expense of establishment of FreshBooks is commonly high. Xero is the bookkeeping programming that is basically intended to suit any business independent of the idea of business directed by the business firm. The offices offered by Xero are a streamlined arrangement process, explained recording of the exchanges, an appropriate review into the current monetary wellbeing of business and other related advantages. The main disservice gave by this specific bookkeeping programming is that the entrepreneurs can't manage the cost of it[3]. The coordinating guideline can be applied by recording the pay alongside the pertinent consumption to find out the benefit. The record bunch demonstrates the rundown of records that has been assembled in wording with the predetermined measures and can be alluded to while the spending plans are readied. It is constantly prescribed to set up the spending plans based on a particular timeframe. This is on the grounds that the financial plan arranged for a predetermined timespan brings about increasingly exact figures. The ramifications of fidelity brings about the monetary honesty. The protection of the administration concerning the assets is encouraged by the monetary honor alongside the concurrence with the way that the legitimate commitments have been met. The promotion costs have been diminished in the main quarter of the money related year of 2016-17. The pay and wages have been expanded in the primary quarter of the budgetary year of 2016-17 and the gross benefit have been diminished by 1%. The things that can be remembered for the spending plans for VTI Homeware Pty Ltd are transportation, staff conveniences and office costs. he inside controls that ought to be executed in the association for working the smooth activity of business is isolation of obligations. The business spending plan has been set up by social occasion the applicable data. The most significant result that has thought of the readiness of the business financial plan is that the income with respect to the offer of room beautiful has expanded from $848,562 to $1,018,274. This mirrors the interest for room enlivening in the market. This spending plan uncovers the aggregate sum of GST to be paid is $406,905 The money related integrity with respect to the arrangement of the spending plan has been that all the budgetary exchanges concerning the borrowers have been monetarily perceived and lawfully met. The changes have by and large happened with respect to the costs. This can be accepted because of the defective bookkeeping data framework that has recorded the mixed up estimation of the exchanges. Be that as it may, different reasons may be the rise in the cost of the crude materials or value level because of the expansion in the economy[4]. The monetary presentation of the firm has not been well. The edge with respect to the gross net revenue has diminished. The administration of the firm should show enough drive by boosting the business exercises of the firm by thorough publicizing efforts and other limited time exercises. Inward controls like the isolation of obligations ought to be actualized while using the bookkeeping software[5]. The specific proposal with respect to the predefined case is that the administration ought to consider rebuilding the whole deals process. The advertising methodologies executed by the association ought to be looked into and improved. In addition, the inside controls ought to be subjectively improved [6]. The essential issue with the chose firm, VTI Homeware Pty Ltd has been that the bookkeeping programming used in the firm is flawed. Along these lines, it is enthusiastically suggested that the firm thinks about the establishment of another bookkeeping programming. The administration ought to likewise consider the advancement of the items so as to infer expanded deals income. The inside controls existing in the association ought to likewise be surveyed and adjusted and new controls ought to be executed so as to make the actualized system, a success[7]. References Amirul SM, Mail R, Bakar MA, Ripain N. Data Technology Knowledge and Skills for Accounting Graduates: An Insight from Public Accounting Firms. Indian Journal of Science and Technology. 2017 Mar 20;10(12). Aziz MA, Ab Rahman H, Alam MM, Said J. Improvement of the responsibility of open divisions through honesty framework, inward control framework and initiative practices: An audit study. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015 Jan 1;28:163-9. Amber S, Jiang W, Lu B. Value impetuses and inward control shortcomings. Contemporary Accounting Research. 2014 Mar 1;31(1):178-201. Boulianne E. Effect of bookkeeping programming usage on understudies' information obtaining: A significant change in bookkeeping training. Diary of Accounting Organizational Change. 2014 Feb 25;10(1):22-48. DeFond ML, Lennox CS. Do PCAOB examinations improve the nature of inner control reviews?. Diary of Accounting Research. 2017 Jun 1;55(3):591-627. Dimitriu O, Matei M. Cloud bookkeeping: another plan of action in a difficult setting. Procedia Economics and Finance. 2015 Jan 1;32:665-71. Drew J. Bookkeeping firms moving gradually toward cloud. Diary of Accountancy. 2015 Mar 1;219(3):44. Ge W, Li Z, Liu Q, McVay S. The impact of inward control on corporate defilement: Evidence from China. National Natural Science Foundation of China Project. 2014 Nov 4(71332008). Hooghiemstra R, Hermes N, Emanuels J. National culture and inward control revelations: A cross?country examination. Corporate Governance: An International Review. 2015 Jul 1;23(4):357-77. Islam K, CH AR, Bilal AR, Ilyas MU. Bookkeeping Information Systems: Traditions and Future Directions (By Using AIS in Traditional Organizations). The Journal of Internet Banking and Commerce. 2017 Jul 27;22(2):1-3. Kelly M. Best Business Accounting: Quickbooks51 Reasons Why. Kowalewski M, Niedzielska J. A Study of the Financial Accounting Software Used by Small Enterprises in Olsztyn. Olsztyn Economic Journal. 2015(10 (3)):233-45. Machado M. The executives bookkeeping programming and bookkeeping rehearses: observational investigation on SME ventures. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics. 2016(1):94-103. Newton NJ, Persellin JS, Wang D, Wilkins MS. Interior control conclusion shopping and review showcase rivalry. The Accounting Review. 2015 May;91(2):603-23. Quinn M, Kristandl G. Business data frameworks for bookkeeping understudies. Pearson Education Ltd.; 2014 Apr 3. Rahman MM, Elahi T, Gupta S, Rahman I. Appraisal of Accounting Software Practices in Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs) of Bangladesh: A Survey of Barrier and Adoption (Dhaka City). Sampaio D, Bernardino J. Open source bookkeeping programming for SMEs. Universal Journal of Business Information Systems. 2016;23(3):287-306. Tuzarov S, Mejzlk L. The IFRS Assessment by Publicly Traded Companies. InThe Impact of Globalization on International Finance and Accounting 2018 (pp. 341-346). Springer, Cham. Zhou Z. 90. Structure and Development Trend of Management Accounting Information SystemBased on the Empirical Analysis of Guangju Energy Chemical Listed Companies. Boletn Tcnico, ISSN: 0376-723X. 2017 Oct 6;55(9). Zimmerman J, Libby DV. Fundamental BOOKKEEPING AND ACCOUNTING FOR THE PRIVATE PRACTITIONER. Handbook of Private Practice: Keys to Success for Mental Health Practitioners. 2017 Mar 13.

Input Subsystems Three Input Subsystems Commerce Essay

Info Subsystems Three Input Subsystems Commerce Essay HR insight subsystem This subsystem has the duty regarding keeping current on natural exercises that are particularly essential to human asset exercises (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). Information and data are accumulated depicting exercises of the administration, worker's organizations, providers, the nearby and money related networks, and even contenders (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). Business firms work as providers, piping candidates to the firm. Candidates can likewise originate from the nearby network and from contenders (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The budgetary network gives information and data concerning the financial atmosphere, which impacts the human asset plans (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). A significant part of the knowledge information can be gotten from business databases (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The HRIS database All of the information and data gave by the information subsystems is held in PC stockpiling (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The capacity units can live in IS, HR, or diffe rent areas (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). The information relates essentially to the organizations workers, yet additionally can portray the natural components with which HR interfaces (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). Database the board framework (DBMS) programming plays out the upkeep forms (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). HRIS Database comprises of number of databases, for example, worker database, official pursuit firm databases, college databases, business organization databases, free databases, corporate employment banks㠢â‚ ¬Ã¢ ¦etc. Yield subsystems The yield subsystems comprise of different sorts of programming that change information in the database into data yields. The product can incorporate report essayists, scientific models, office computerization bundles, for example, email and work area distributing, and uses of man-made brainpower, for example, master frameworks. As per the model, the yield subsystems speak to the six gatherings of HRSP applications. 54 Workforce arranging subsystem is one of the yield subsystems in HRIS model, which empowers the supervisor to distinguish future individual needs (Figure 2.6). It encourages association diagramming, compensation estimating, work examination or assessment, arranging and work power displaying. Enlisting yield subsystem empowers candidate following and interior pursuit. Workforce Management yield subsystem chip away at execution examination, preparing, position control that guarantees headcount doesn't surpass planned cutoff points, migration, abilities or competency estimating, progression arranging and disciplinary. Pay yield subsystem chips away at merit builds, finance, official pay, extra motivating forces and participation. Advantages yield subsystem characterized commitment, advantages and claims preparing. Natural announcing yield subsystem chip away at detailing firms work force approaches and practices to the legislature. Reports like association expands, wellbeing records and harmful substance produce through this framework. The model (Figure 2.6) gave a decent system of HRIS parts. It followed the three principle ideas of framework: information sources, procedures, and yields tending to the wide assortment of HRIS applications also. As per McLeod and Anctis (1995), the HRIS has offered solid help in the remuneration and advantages regions, yet different exercises that happen during business request more noteworthy consideration. For instance, little consideration has been aimed at exercises identifying with hierarchical exit, or end. Numerous organizations have disregarded applications for workforce the executives and enlisting. They further accentuated, if HRIS assets were planned for building solid arranging frameworks, cutting-edge HRIS databases, and responsive data yield frameworks, at that point the HRIS would bolster the board in every one of its workforce-related exercises. This immediate administration backing would add to the organizations key targets, whatever they may be. As the HRIS makes a superior showing of giving administration data about individuals and their employments, it will harden its situation in the firm as an esteemed data framework (McLeod and Anctis, 1995). 55 2.4.6. HRIS Model McLeod and Schell Information Exchange preparing framework HR investigate subsystem HR insight subsystem Inner sources Natural sources Information subsystems Yield subsystems Clients HRIS Database Enrolling subsystem Natural detailing subsystem Remuneration Subsystem Workforce the board subsystem Work power arranging subsystem Advantages subsystem Figure 2.7: A model of a human asset data framework Source: McLeod and Schell, 2007 McLeod and Schell somewhat adjusted the Resource-Flow HRIS Model in 2007 (Figure 2.7). The information handling sub framework was named as exchange preparing sub framework. 56 2.5. Human asset procedure Thomas (1996) characterized HR technique as a co-ordinated set of activities planned for incorporating an associations culture, association, individuals and frameworks (Figure 2.8). He verbalized HR methodology as the attachment and consistency of an unmistakable example of conduct. Its relationship to the corporate methodology decides its adequacy and achievement. Figure 2.8: HR methodology Source: Thomas, 1996 IT Promoting Fund Deals Creation R D Corporate methodology HR statement of purpose HR investigation Ecological investigation Association investigation HR arranging Generation of vital alternatives/decisions Objectives Culture Association Individuals Frameworks HR utilitarian activity plan Usage Audit and assessment HR methodology helps the association to accomplish vital objective in the medium to long haul. It ought to radiate plainly from corporate business procedure lining up with hierarchical different plans and techniques (Figure 2.8). 57 The HR work in todays association needs to consider itself a business-working unit, utilizing the very same showcasing, specialized and quantitative abilities as those, which are utilized, by different capacities (Thomas, 1996). Figure 2.9: Human assets procedure arranging Source: Thomas, 1996 HR key arrangement is impacted by four measurements: culture, association, individuals and frameworks (Figure 2.9). Association structure, work jobs and revealing lines ought to coordinate with representative expertise levels, staff imminent and the executives abilities. Culture, which is key part of the authoritative, is conviction, worth, standards and style. Association culture its estimation, observing and the board gives the possibility to improve authoritative execution (Thomas, 1996). Frameworks can be manual just as automated procedures used to do the assignments inside the association. HR Information Systems (HRIS) or Human Resources Management Systems (HRMS) assume driving job in automated HR Systems. In this manner, HR technique plan ought not exclusively be inline with corporative marketable strategy yet additionally with authoritative Information Systems key arrangement. The structure work jobs and detailing lines of the association The procedure by which things complete in the association The expertise levels, staff potential and the board capacity of the association The convictions, qualities, standards and style of the association Age of vital Choices Decisions Association Frameworks Individuals Culture HR strategies and targets 58 2.7. End Associations use Information Systems in every one of the three degrees of data the board: vital, strategic and operational. HRIS is one of the data frameworks out which changes the job of the HR office consolidating records for worker asset, rewards, preparing, and so forth. Numerous examinations refered to HRIS benefits, for example, upgrades in exactness, cost sparing, opportune and fast access to data through HR reports, dynamic and expanded intensity. Absence of top administration support, reserves, HR information on framework fashioners and HR arrangements, are the fundamental variables getting associations far from HRIS. As per writing, human asset arranging, enrolling, and preparing are less regular clients inside staff maybe reflecting more noteworthy utilization of the framework for routine announcing than for choice help. HRIS is arranged in to two sorts as per their use: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢unsophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-and à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢sophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-. Finance a nd advantages organization, representative nonattendance records keeping electronically are recorded as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢unsophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-. Utilization of IS in enlistment and choice, preparing and advancement, HR arranging and execution evaluation, is named à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¢sophisticated㠢â‚ ¬-. Numerous looks into were interested about the mix of HRIS with other rising advances, for example, MIS, ERP, eHRà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦etc. Because of the approach of Internet innovation and the developing idea of business knowledge HRM frameworks have changed to e-HRM frameworks. It is difficult to give an obvious view to recognize eHR from HRIS since HRIS created with a large portion of the eHR includes today. As per Alvarez-Suescun (2007), firm size or specialized aptitudes don't influence authoritative sourcing choices. The HRIS execution sourcing choice might be affected by past encounters in the usage of different frameworks and vital commitment of the IS on the interior asso ciation. As per some writing associations increase serious and vital favorable position if HRIS exercises are embraced inside. HRIS encourages preparing and advancement and enlistment and segment procedures of the associations. The preparation and improvement work is fundamental for changing conduct and culture and strengthening the new conduct and culture in an association. 59 The preparation procedure comprises of four stages. The principal stage is the preparation needs examination (TNA). The subsequent stage is the structure stage. The th

High-Risk Drinking in College Athletes and Nonathletes - Free Essay Example

The article High-Risk Drinking in College Athletes and Nonathletes Across the Academic Year from the journal, Journal of College Counseling which is written by Diana M. Doumas, Rob Turrisi, Kenneth M. Coll, and Kate Haralson, explores heavy drinking and alcohol-related consequences between freshman student-athletes and non-athletes. Student-athletes are at a higher risk of it than non-athletes; social and personal problems are related to greater drinking (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 163). Therers a big difference between student-athletes and non-athletes which may lead to a higher risk of drinking. According to this article, student-athletes automatically have more stress than non athletes because their expectations/demands are greater. These expectations include how well they perform as an athlete and also they have to meet the demands of their professors. While non-athletes only have to worry about academics and maybe clubs. Plus, athletes have to create time for their social lives, but not only that, they still have to stay in peak condition for their sport throughout the year. Another reason the article states for the heavy drinking in student-athletes is that they have special status as athletes that the non-athletes most likely dont have. This status gives the student-athletes a greater chance to be invited to social functions like parties where there usually is drinking (Doumas et al.,2007,p. 164). The authors hypothesis about high-risk drinking in freshman college students was that freshman student-athletes would drink more and have more drinking-related consequences than non-athletes (Doumas et al.,2007,p. 165 170). The researchers examined the freshman for this study because they believed that freshman had the highest risk of being exposed to drinking due to previous research done on this topic. In addition to the hypothesis stated before, they also wanted to examine the difference of drinking habitats (if they increased or decreased) from the fall term to the spring term of their freshman academic year (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 170). The reason why they wanted to do this was that no other research was done on this topic that had looked into the difference of alcohol consumption between the fall and spring term or a t least gone into detail like they did. The sample used for this study was a survey from 455 freshmen that attended a university and those participants were split into the student-athlete group or a non-athlete group depending on if they played sports or any sports-related clubs (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 165). Each person was given questionnaires that ask questions related to the use of alcohol and the consequences that come with alcohol. To calculate the amount of drinking the student-athletes did versus the non-athletes they used quantity of alcohol drunk and the frequency of drunkenness from Thursday to Saturday for a typical week (Doumas et al., 2007, p. 166). To examine the alcohol-related consequences they used the YAAPST, which was a questionnaire that asked about the negative consequences that occurred in the past year that related to alcohol, and they split up the consequences into four categories (academic, interpersonal, physical, and dangerous) and each of them used specific questions from the YAAPST questionnaire (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 167). The results of the study were that student-athletes do indeed drink more and have more drinking-related consequences than a non athlete (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 169). The results also showed that the status of an athlete had a drastic effect on how many times a person drank alcohol (or went to a social function) so this backs up the idea that being an athlete has a greater chance and more opportunities to be in unfamiliar social situations. The results for the difference of heavy drinking between the spring term versus fall term were that drinking quantity, the frequency of drunkness, and the consequences all increased from the fall term to the spring term (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 169). According to the authors, the increase is most likely due to the fact that alcohol prevention programs are presented before the fall term begins and no other programs are presented after that; therefore, the effects of the program decline as the year goes on which explains the increase (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 169). Analysis Overall the research that was done about the high-risk drinking of freshman student-athletes versus non athletes was pretty excellent. There were many things that were done well and some things that could be improved for future research. One aspect of the research that was done well was the fact that they used a high amount of students that took the surveys. This means that the results would be more accurate and if the researchers didnt use as many students then the results would have been less accurate. Another thing that they did well was that the gender of the participants was pretty much the same. If the gender was drastically different in each group (athletes and non athletes) then it may have affected the results of the study. Something else that was done well was the fact that they split up the alcohol-related into different categories, which made the research on that aspect of the study more specific and accurate. However, in future research they should add more alcohol-related consequences to the categories; for example, they can use the different types of sports the students played and what consequences ca me with that. There are some things that can be improved about this research. First, they should use a more variety of questionnaires for the measurement of drinking quantity and the frequency of it too. A bigger variety would give the researchers more specific information and in the end possibly a more accurate result. Another thing that can be improved is that this study didnt follow the same students from the spring term to the fall term, which could have thrown off the results about the increase of drinking from fall to spring (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 171). If the students were followed then the research could have a stronger and more accurate result. A limitation of this study is that it can only show that alcohol drinking prevention programs need to have better timing; it doesnt give a specific program that would or it doesnt when the best time is for them (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 171). This study is geared towards colleges and college counselors to be specific. It shows that di fferent and more steps are needed to be taken to reduce the amount of drinking in students especially athletes. According to the study, the prevention programs need to have better timing or at least there should be more of them throughout the academic year. The research also shows that programs should have more variety in them; for example, most programs that presented are like lectures and the article conveys that feedback from a person or parent programs are more likely to be effective than the lecture-based ones (Doumas et al., 2007,p. 171). This study/research is valuable to colleges and future research should expand upon this and study some parts of it in more detail. Though there are many things that can be improved on this study but that doesnt change the fact that it gave valuable information to college counselors about alcohol drinking among students and what group of students have the highest risk for it. The counselors can use this information to create better prevention programs and have a better sense of timing because of this study. Overall the research was great and it studied a topic that is usually underlooked.

Timeline of the Ancient Maya

The Maya were an advanced Mesoamerican civilization living in present-day southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras. Unlike the Inca or the Aztecs, the Maya were not one unified empire, but rather a series of powerful city-states that often allied with or warred upon one another. Maya civilization peaked around 800 A.D. or so before falling into decline. By the time of the Spanish conquest in the sixteenth century, the Maya were rebuilding, with powerful city-states rising once again, but the Spanish defeated them. The descendants of the Maya still live in the region and many of them continue to practice cultural traditions such as language, dress, cuisine, and religion. The Maya Preclassic Period (1800–300 BCE) People first arrived in Mexico and Central America millennia ago, living as hunter-gatherers in the rain forests and volcanic hills of the region. They first began developing cultural characteristics associated with the Maya civilization around 1800 BCE on Guatemalas western coast. By 1000 BCE the Maya had spread throughout the lowland forests of southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and Honduras. The Maya of the Preclassic period lived in small villages in basic homes and dedicated themselves to subsistence agriculture. The major cities of the Maya, such as Palenque, Tikal, and Copà ¡n, were established during this time and began to prosper. Basic trade was developed, linking the city-states and facilitating cultural exchange. The Late Preclassic Period (300 BCE–300 CE) The late Maya Preclassic Period lasted roughly from 300 B.C. to 300 A.D. and is marked by developments in Maya culture. Great temples were constructed: their facades were decorated with stucco sculptures and paint. Long-distance trade flourished, particularly for luxury items such as jade and obsidian. Royal tombs dating from this time are more elaborate than those from the early and middle Preclassic periods and often contained offerings and treasures. The Early Classic Period (300 CE–600 CE) The Classic Period is considered to have begun when the Maya began carving ornate, beautiful stelae (stylized statues of leaders and rulers) with dates given in the Maya long count calendar. The earliest date on a Maya stela is 292 CE (at Tikal) and the latest is 909 CE (at Tonina). During the early Classic Period (300–600 CE), the Maya continued developing many of their most important intellectual pursuits, such as astronomy, mathematics, and architecture. During this time, the city of Teotihuacà ¡n, located near Mexico City, exerted a great influence on the Maya city-states, as is shown by the presence of pottery and architecture done in the Teotihuacà ¡n style. The Late Classic Period (600–900) The Maya late Classic Period marks the high point of Maya culture. Powerful city-states like Tikal and Calakmul dominated the regions around them and art, culture and religion reached their peaks. The city-states warred, allied with, and traded with one another. There may have been as many as 80 Maya city-states during this time. The cities were ruled by an elite ruling class and priests who claimed to be directly descended from the Sin, Moon, stars, and planets. The cities held more people than they could support, so trade for food, as well as luxury items, was brisk. The ceremonial ball game was a feature of all Maya cities. The Postclassic Period (800–1546) Between 800 and 900 A.D., the major cities in the southern Maya region all fell into decline and were mostly or completely abandoned. There are several theories as to why this occurred: historians tend to believe that it was excessive warfare, overpopulation, an ecological disaster or a combination of these factors that brought down the Maya civilization. In the north, however, cities like Uxmal and Chichen Itza prospered and developed. War was still a persistent problem: many of the Maya cities from this time were fortified. Sacbes, or Maya highways, were constructed and maintained, indicating that trade continued to be important. Maya culture continued: all four of the surviving Maya codices were produced during the Postclassic period. The Spanish Conquest (ca. 1546) By the time the Aztec Empire rose in Central Mexico, the Maya were rebuilding their civilization. The city of Mayapan in Yucatà ¡n became an important city, and cities and settlements on the eastern coast of the Yucatà ¡n prospered. In Guatemala, ethnic groups such as the Quichà © and Cachiquels once again built cities and engaged in trade and warfare. These groups came under the control of the Aztecs as a sort of vassal states. When Hernà ¡n Cortes conquered the Aztec Empire in 1521, he learned of the existence of these powerful cultures to the far south and he sent his most ruthless lieutenant, Pedro de Alvarado, to investigate and conquer them. Alvarado did so, subduing one city-state after another, playing on regional rivalries just as Cortes had done. At the same time, European diseases such as measles and smallpox decimated the Maya population. Colonial and Republican Eras The Spanish essentially enslaved the Maya, dividing their lands up among the conquistadors and bureaucrats who came to rule in the Americas. The Maya suffered greatly in spite of the efforts of some enlightened men like Bartolomà © de Las Casas who argued for their rights in Spanish courts. The native people of southern Mexico and northern Central America were reluctant subjects of the Spanish Empire and bloody rebellions were common. With Independence coming in the early nineteenth century, the situation of the average indigenous native of the region changed little. They were still repressed and still chafed at it: when the Mexican-American War broke out (1846–1848) ethnic Maya in Yucatà ¡n took up arms, kicking off the bloody Caste War of Yucatan in which hundreds of thousands were killed. The Maya Today Today, the descendants of the Maya still live in southern Mexico, Guatemala, Belize, and northern Honduras. Many continue to hold to their traditions, such as speaking their native languages, wearing traditional clothes and practicing indigenous forms of the religion. In recent years, they have won more freedoms, such as the right to practice their religion openly. They are also learning to cash in on their culture, selling handicrafts at native markets and promoting tourism to their regions: with this newfound wealth from tourism is coming political power. The most famous Maya today is probably the Quichà © Indian Rigoberta Menchà º, winner of the 1992 Nobel Peace Prize. She is a well-known activist for native rights and occasional presidential candidate in her native Guatemala. Interest in Maya culture was at an all-time high in 2010, as the Maya calendar was set to reset in 2012, prompting many to speculate about the end of the world. Sources Aldana y Villalobos, Gerardo and Edwin L. Barnhart (eds.) Archaeoastronomy and the Maya. Eds. Oxford: Oxbow Books, 2014. Martin, Simon, and Nicolai Grube. Chronicle of the Maya Kings and Queens: Deciphering the Dynasties of the Ancient Maya. London: Thames and Hudson, 2008. McKillop, Heather. The Ancient Maya: New Perspectives. Reprint edition, W. W. Norton Company, July 17, 2006. Sharer, Robert J. The Ancient Maya. 6th ed. Stanford, California: Stanford University Press, 2006.

Microeconomics Issues of Rising Oil and Gas Prices...

Introduction In this text, I concern myself with the contents of two articles based on recent microeconomics issues. During the last two months, the price of gas in the U.S. has been on an upward trend. Taking into consideration recent happenings on the international scene, this trend could have been triggered by many different factors. The articles I make use of in this case discuss the rising oil and gas prices. Discussion While the first article I concern myself with predicts an increase in gas prices, the second article confirms an increase in the price of oil. From the onset, the first article, titled Increased Gas Prices? Dont Blame Unrest in Egypt, points out to readers that they could soon find themselves digging deeper into their pockets for a gallon of gas. However, even though it acknowledges that the unrest in Egypt could be to blame for the increase in gas price, it warns against apportioning all the blame to the said unrest. 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A Woman of No Importance, Final Act free essay sample

Wilde uses many dramatic effects throughout the play to shock and amuse the audience and many of them can be seen in this final scene. The fact that this conversation between Mrs Arbuthnot and Lord Illingworth takes place in Mrs Arbuthnot’s house, her personal space and territory puts her at an advantage and it shows that Lord Illingworth is surrendering his usual control over his situations By Lord Illingworth referring to Mrs Arbuthnot as ‘Rachel’ we are again made aware that we are listening to two people who have a strong past relationship. She calls him ‘George Harford’ while he uses her name far less often that in the persuasive Act 2. During this scene, Lord Illingworth speaks with awareness of the legal situation, he knows he can never make Gerald legitimate but he is willing to leave him property â€Å"What more can a gentleman desire in this world? † and Mrs Arbuthnot’s response of â€Å"Nothing more, I am quite sure† turns this in to a class confrontation. When Mrs Arbuthnot says â€Å"I told you I was not interested, and I beg you to go. † this is a threat to conventional society and the audience would have been shocked by this. She treats Lord Illingworth as he once treated her, in purely financial terms and she tells him that Gerald no longer needs his money, â€Å"You come too late. My son has no need of you. You are not necessary. † She then goes on to explain to him that Gerald and Hester are in love and they don’t need his money because Hester already has money of her own. Lord Illingworth asks where they will go and Mrs Arbuthnot’s reply â€Å"We will not tell you, and if you find us we will not know you. You seem surprised. What welcome would you get from the girl whose lips you tried to soil, from the boy whose life you have shamed, from the mother who dishonor comes from you? † is very melodramatic and it also relives the fact that Lord Illingworth tried to kiss Hester and this is when Gerald found out that he was his father, â€Å"Lord Illingworth you have insulted the purest thing on Gods earth†. This leaves Lord Illingworth to admit that he wants Gerald, â€Å"Rachel, I want my son. † Wilde uses many props in this scene, the main one being the letter Gerald has written to Lord Illingworth imploring him to marry his mother. The audience know what is written in the letter before Lord Illingworth does and this adds drama and tension because the audience are waiting for the big reveal and to see what happens. This letter also links back to the letter that Lord Illingworth sees in Act 2 and says â€Å"What a curious handwriting! It reminds me of the handwriting of a woman I used to know years ago. † and his dismissal of it so simply. The stage direction of ‘Mrs Arbuthnot watches him all the time’ is very important because she wants to see his reaction. Ironically his proposal of marriage after reading Gerald’s letter uses similar language to Mrs Arbuthnot’s when explaining to Gerald why she would refuse him, for her marriage would be a ‘sacrifice’ and for Lord Illingworth it would be a ‘surrender’. For Mrs Arbuthnot to say this at this point in the play would have been very uncommon for the time because the audience would be expecting a happy ending, for the fallen women to marry the father of her child or for it to end like a melodrama, in tragedy. For the first time, Mrs Arbuthnot is triumphant against Lord Illingworth with the repetition of his own words when she says, â€Å"Children begin by loving their parents. After a time they judge them. Rarely if ever do they forgive them. † Lord Illingworth is clearly surprised at this response and then resorts to cruelty. His parting speech creates an exciting climax as the censorship of the time wouldn’t allow anyone to say the word ‘bastard’ on the stage. Wilde’s stage direction of Mrs Arbuthnot’s use of the glove â€Å"Mrs Arbuthnot snatches up glove and strikes Lord Illingworth across the face with it† is a very good use of a prop because in the time this play was written a glove was a very masculine item and being hit with one was a sign of violence and confrontation. The audience is allowed a shock, due to the word about to be spoken and then they get a relief as the taboo is maintained by Mrs Arbuthnot cutting Lord Illingworth off before he can finish his sentence because she will not let him say the word because she doesn’t want to hear him say this about her beloved son. The villain is punished and Mrs Arbuthnot’s respectability is ma intained. All of this is typical of a melodrama and we the audience now feel something has been accomplished. Wilde’s use of stage directions are very well placed and are very dramatic, especially the last few lines of this scene when Mrs Arbuthnot ‘falls sobbing on the sofa’ and it reinforces that this play is a melodrama because people are not usually this dramatic in normal everyday life. Gerald and Hester now return to Mrs Arbuthnot and we have the image of ‘a man and a woman in a garden’ which has been mentioned previously throughout the play and is a sign of sex and fertility and in this scene it shows the audience the image of a new family emerging. Due to Hester having changed her views from believing that women who have children outside of the laws of marriage should be punished, â€Å"A woman who has sinned should be punished, shouldn’t she? † And that the children should also carry this shame, â€Å"Yes, it is right that the sins of the parents should be visited on the children. It is a just law. It is God’s law. † to her now saying â€Å"I was wrong. Gods law is only love. † Because she is in love with Gerald and has managed to listen and understand all of the things that Mrs Arbuthnot has had to face to bring up Gerald alone. At the end of the play when Gerald sees the glove lying on the floor Mrs Arbuthnot picks up and changes the title line of the play and once again mirrors Lord Illingworth’s statement about seeing the letter from Mrs Arbuthnot, â€Å"Oh! o one. No one in particular. A Man of no importance. † Unmarried and defiant she enters into a fresh and better world although the 19th century attitudes to marriage are still upheld in a way because even though she has won against Lord Illingworth and she has managed to keep Gerald and now has the love and respect of Hester the audience are still left with the image of them being exiled to America, where they have less strict views on illegitimacy and have more freedo m.

War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front Essay Example

War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front Paper War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front BY Itmes123 War Dehumanization If you think of humanity as one large body, then war is like suicide, or at best, self mutilation( Jerome Crabb). Paul B? ¤umer, the protagonist of All Quiet on the Western Front by Erich Maria Remarque fulfills his understanding of Jerome Crabbs quote after experiencing everything war has to offer. In the novel, Paul truly experiences what being in war can physically and mentally do to not only a man, but their families as well. It is apparent that Erich Maria Remarque had Paul B? ¤umer face various orrifying situations while at the front to make a powerful statement against war and everything associated with it. Throughout the book, Remarque uses implicit statements to help prove his argument in a myriad of ways. The statements Remarque includes in the novel cohere with one another to show that war dehumanizes the soldiers who choose to enlist into it. Through the implicit language and arguments used, the dehumanization effect war brought upon the soldiers is illustrated as an unbreakable force that takes no pity on the soldiers at the front. We will write a custom essay sample on War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on War Dehumanization in All Quiet on The Western Front specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer It greatly affects the soldiers physically, mentally, and even psychologically. Erich Maria Remarque shows that war has a dehumanizing effect on the men even to the point of being compared to savages by using point of view, literary devices and imagery. By applying the points of view of the distinct characters in his novel, Remarque is able to implicitly make the argument that war dehumanizes the soldiers in every way possible. Because of the usage of point of view, the argument trying to be proven is seen through a clearer outlook since a single characters personality does not affect the argument of war dehumanizing the men. Conventional human characteristics, for xample the significance of education, have seemed to be lost completely due to war. When discussion arises between Paul and his comrades about their aspirations after war, the men come to realize that they have forgotten most of what their schoolmaster Kantorek had taught them back in school which was really not that long ago. Paul even considers the school lessons they received back as civilians to be rot(86). The word choice Paul uses sort of gives off a supercilious tone on education. Pauls tone on the topic illustrates that he sees little or no value in the education he learned from his schoolmasters. Obviously, education is seen as an extremely important part of humanity of the soldiers but since Paul is devaluing education, he is essentially devaluing humanity as well. Adding onto Pauls depreciation of education at the front, as Leer, one of his closest comrades is killed, Paul comes to the understanding that being such a good mathematician at school served Leer no good while fghting on the front (284). The realization he made is that war does not take pity for people who are well educated. Paul feels that war cares nothing of education since Leers mathematics skills were not able to help him survive the ombardment and therefore, the education used on Leer served of very little use for him since ne was not able to survive the wrath ot war. This experience displays to Paul that only instinct can help to survive being at the front. Solely using instinct to survive is a characteristic only vital to animals and because Paul exhibits this characteristic, Remarque is implying that all soldiers act based off of instinct.. It is in essence showing that the soldiers in way are at a level comparable to various animals. Yet another point of view Remarque incorporates to illustrate animal like ualities in the soldiers is that of Albert Kropp. In this instance, Kropp is badly hurt with an amputated leg. He no longer sees the value of enduring the strong pain as he tells Paul that he will shoot himself the first time he can get a hold of his revolver(261). By devaluing his own life, Kropp has shown to the readers that war has destroyed his own humanity since life is one of the most important values in humanity. Without the virtue of humanity, Kropp and many other soldiers that find themselves in similar situations can be compared to animals. The points of view from Albert and Paul all are brought together to show the dehumanization effect war causes since the men are no longer caring for their humanity. Also, literary devices integrated in the novel cohere with each other to furthermore show how the soldiers at war become less and less human everyday. As the soldiers fall in line for breakfast to receive their normal amount of rations, the sergeant cook is shocked to see that only 80 of the men survived the heavy attack from the previous day. He unwittingly made enough food for the 150 men but because nearly half of them had died, the ook finds himself with an overload of food. Because of the massive surplus, the soldiers in line for breakfast plead their case to the cook that they should receive double rations for the day. At first, the cook is hesitant to comply with the soldiers orders thinking Eighty men cant have what is meant for a hundred and fifty'(5). The literary device shown here is irony as after persuading the cook for double rations, the Second Company which came back 80 strong has no difficulty consuming all of the leftover food meant for the other soldiers who were not as lucky to survive. After eceiving and consuming the extra food, the soldiers showed no remorse of the fact that they were eating their fellow dead soldiers breakfast. The only emotion they felt was satisfaction in their bellies. The men usually receive minimal food at the front so they quickly snap at the opportunity to receive an extra ration despite it being meant for the dead soldiers. This quality the men portray is one similar to animals as animals also snap at any opportunity to get food even if it is at an expense of another animal. They only think of what they can do for them to be better off and in this case, he soldiers are doing the same. Another literary device Remarque uses to confirm his argument is symbolism. As Paul and his comrades crowd around Kemmerichs bed at the hospital, they notice that Kemmerichs leg has been amputated. Out of the group, Kemmerich has the most comfortable boots and Muller takes note of that. Considering the fact that Kemmerich will no longer be able to wear the boots, Muller desperately wants them to replace his worn out uncomfortable boots. At first, Paul wanted Kemmerich to keep and die with the boots still in his possession but he omes to realize that only the facts are real important for [them], And good boots are scarce(21). Since Kemmerich is close to death, Paul thinks of the value of the boots and where they are most needed without the realization that they are a prized possession of his dying comrade Kemmerich. War has really dehumanized the men as their value system nas changed tor the worse and the boots represent now much more they care for things that could make them better off rather than the life of a good friend. All in all, the literary devices used in the book help make a valid claim hat war has a dehumanizing effect on the soldiers. By applying imagery, Remarque shows the soldiers in war are dehumanized to a level that can be compared to animals. The soldiers find themselves resorting to their animal like instincts to help stay alive which make them lose all human characteristics by fighting in the war. Following Pauls leave from the front, he serves some time as a prison guard watching over the Russian prisoners and unintentionally compares the prisoners to animals describing them as meek, scolded, St. Bernard dogs and they seem nervous and fearful(189). St. Bernard dogs are defined as generally very large working dogs originally bred for rescue. The word choice of meek and scolded certainly do not match the definition of St Bernard dogs as rescue dogs have to be assertive and praised. Paul is hinting to the fact that because of the harsh conditions the prisoners are forced to endure, they have been ever since going through a long stint of dehumanization. The Russian prisoners also slink about [the] camp and pick over the garbage Slinking around the enemy camp suggests that the prisoners are trying to scavenge any left ood in a stealthy manner trying their best not be noticed by the others. This tactic is very similar to how various animals capture their prey so war has actually animalized the prisoners. Also, the Russians result to picking through garbage cans to try and find leftover bread crumbs. Searching through garbage cans for food is certainly the last resort for food but war has dehumanized the men to the extent where all they care about is surviving. If it means eating out of the garbage can, they will do so. These two instances show how animalistic war can make men become. By ncorporating character point of view, literary devices and distinct imagery, Remarque shows that war has not only dehumanized the soldiers but animalized them as well. Remarque is able to implicitly show Just how dehumanizing war can be to anyone that is absorbed into it. It truly destroys the humanity in all men that comes in its way. Time and time again, Remarque pleads his case of how fighting in war and being at the front can over time make a man less than a human being and closer to an animal due to the loss of many values of humanity. His argument in the novel is quite specific and strong but it is certainly valid.

Breaking Bad Blue Crystal Meth Rock Candy Recipe

Breaking Bad Blue Crystal Meth Rock Candy Recipe Have you ever wondered what AMC used for crystal meth in Breaking Bad? Walts famous blue crystal meth is rock candy, not drugs! Here is a recipe to make your own blue crystal candy, perfect for a Breaking Bad party or snacks while watching the show. Of course, you can make the candy any color, flavor it, or even make it glow under a black light. Blue Crystal Ingredients You only need a few common cooking ingredients for this project: 3-3/4 cups sugar1-1/4 cups light corn syrup1 cup waterblue food coloring (or whatever color you like)1/2 to 1 teaspoon flavoring, such as vanilla, lemon, or cherry flavoring What To Do If you have a candy thermometer, be sure to use it. Otherwise, watch carefully for any darkening or browning of the sugar, which indicates youre getting the mixture too hot. Grease a cookie sheet. You can use butter, shortening, or non-stick spray.Stir the sugar, corn syrup, and water together in a pan over medium heat.Bring the mixture to a boil and continue boiling for 3 minutes.Stir in food coloring and flavoring, if desired.This is the part where the candy thermometer comes in handy. Increase the temperature to 300 Â °F. The goal is to melt the sugar and harden the candy, but not carmelize (brown) it. Once the mixture reaches the temperature, remove the pan from heat.Pour the hot mixture onto the greased cookie sheet. Be very careful! The candy is extremely hot and sticky at this point.Allow the crystals to cool completely. Use a mallet or hammer to break the crystals into pieces.Store your blue crystals in an airtight container, since humidity will make them sticky. To keep the crystals from sticking to each other, you can spritz them with nonstick cooking spray or dust them with powdered sugar. Glowing Blue Crystals If you want blue crystals that glow blue under a black light, replace the water in the recipe with tonic water. The quinine that produces the blue glow has a distinctive flavor, which you may like or may wish to mask with another flavoring. Learn More Breaking Bad ChemistryCrystal Meth FactsGrow Sugar Crystals or Rock CandyMake Maple Syrup CrystalsHoneycomb Bubble Candy Recipe

The Lucrative Sectors of the South African Economy Research Paper

The Lucrative Sectors of the South African Economy - Research Paper Example The mine worker continues to be over-exploited by the current regime just like the over-exploitation of the black South African in the apartheid period. Furthermore, they are lowly paid and suffer due to poor working conditions. This has led to a class struggle between the rich ruling people who take shares in the ownership of the countries factors of production while leaving the poor people at their mercy. In August 2012, the mine workers at Marikana experienced a massacre which opened the eyes of the workers to the types of neo-colonization with a class struggle that made the mine workers poorer and their working conditions worse. With regards to the working conditions of the mine workers in South Africa, apartheid effects are still felt from the successive governments. The African National Congress (ANC) presents the â€Å"neo-apartheid regime with typical features of historical apartheid† such as overexploitation of workers, poor wages, poor working conditions, protects, a rrests and murder of protesting workers (Clark and Worger 23). During the Marikana massacre, 69 black protesters were killed and approximately 18,000 activists arrested. Although the African National Congress has led South Africa for about 20 years now while advocating for equality in all sectors of the economy and declining the effects posed by the colonial masters during the apartheid time, all the talks of â€Å"post-apartheid† South Africa have resulted into an equally similar leadership like that of apartheid.

Do lung epithelia in COPD undergo transition to behave more like Essay

Do lung epithelia in COPD undergo transition to behave more like finroblast - Essay Example This process of repair, if successful, is beneficial to the body because it enables the affected tissue restore its functions (Pauwels et al., 2012). However, the repair process can be defective leading to collagen overproduction, formation of excess fibroblasts and fibrosis. This defective repair of epithelia tissue has not been well explored. A more detailed evaluation is important to give proper insight on whether pathological repair of the lung tissue because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can lead to conversion of an epithelial cell into a fibroblast. To begin with is an elaboration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (Barnes and Kleinert, 2004). It is characterised by ineffective flow of air in and out of the lungs. Less air flows in and out of the lungs because air sacs and airways have lost elasticity, air sac walls are destroyed and airway walls are inflamed and thickened. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a disease that keeps progressing (getting worse) since onset and makes it difficult for a person to breathe. COPD is found to start and develop slowly and increasingly limit an individual’s ability to perform tasks (Control et al., 2012; Romain A. Pauwels and Rabe, 2004). In some countries like United States of America, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a common term for two conditions namely emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Air sacs walls are damaged in emphysema thereby lose their shape and appear floppy. Further damage leads to damage of air sac walls leading to larger but fewer air sacs instead of several tiny ones. Hence, the respiratory function of the lung is greatly affected and subsequently gaseous exchange is reduced too. In most instances, emphysema is accompanied by chronic bronchitis hence use of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a term to describe the two condition (Han et al., 2010). COPD symptoms rarely occur at early stages

The Importance of Performing Close Out Activities Before Essay Example for Free

The Importance of Performing Close Out Activities Before Essay The importance of performing close out activities before closing the project and the business risks associated with skipping these activities John Constance MSc in Project Management, University of Liverpool Week 5 Discussion Question Abstract Most projects are initiated, planned, executed and monitored and controlled with the full cognizant of executives and clients. However, once the project has been considered an overall success, a part from preparing and conducting opening event with ribbon cutting and extensive speeches, little attention is paid to formal close out documentation. This often leads to incomplete information for use by facility operations and maintenance team or the next project team to implement a similar project. According to Ed Naughton, Director General, Institute of Project Management Ireland (www. projectmanagement. e, 2011) â€Å"without a project close out plan it will is difficult to know if the project was completed as planned, and how this information can assist the team in the next project as there will be no information on lessons learned therefore providing no assurance that past mistakes will not be repeated in another future project†. Introduction In my nine years of project management I have learned that to start a project is difficult; but to close a project is both difficult and at times seemingly impossible. In order to close a project smoothly without undergoing stress even at celebration ceremonies, it is very important a plan is initiated during the planning phase. The key activities, processes and procedures, and acceptance conditions and documentation must be agreed and documented and this plan tracked and updated during execution and executed during closure, meeting not only the project team expectation but also the acceptance of the client. If this does not happen the project runs the risk of not being completed on schedule, within budget and targeted quality, also making future operations and maintenance difficult. Experts View Robert K. Wysocki (Wysocki: pp 283-288) explained how â€Å"an effective project close out plan gets client to accept or reject deliverables through several applied approaches; it records all changes made in the life of the project; it keeps project records that can assist in estimating duration and cost of future projects; the lessons learned and best practices from past projects can be used to provide training for new project managers and project team; and the performance evaluation reports from functional managers can also be used as a guide for the next project†. Wysocki also explained how â€Å"end of project impact or post-implementation audit helps the team and client determine if project goals and activity were achieved as planned, budgeted, scheduled and according to quality targets, specifications and client satisfaction† (Wysocki: pp 289). Other experts that support the importance of preparing close out plan before the project closure include, Robert P. Walsh (2004, pp. 1) who wrote that â€Å"the close-out phase includes final testing and cleaning, occupancy approval from local authorities, punch list walk through, staff training, turnover of final documents, and move-in of furniture, fixtures, and equipment; thereby making planning ahead and outlining the close-out requirements at the onset of the project certain of a smooth start to occupying the new workplace†. Dimitrios Litsikakis (The Importance of Project Closeout and Review in Project Management, 2007) said â€Å"projects managed with no close out plan continue to fail on new projects because management forgets to records past actions as they did not have the time to think and conduct a post implementation review to determine what went wrong and what should be fixed next time†. Conclusion The risk of skipping planned project activities as listed by Robert Wysocki (2009, pp. 83-288) is a big threat for the likelihood of future problems. This is the case with 2 projects in South Sudan. The first had close out problems because client condition of satisfaction for deliverables was not documented at the start of the project, nor was it tracked, updated, discussed and agreed. During close out, senior management from the client and contractor blamed each other for not having a plan making close out a war of words to be settled by an Arbitrator. Also, another project, although with a documented close out plan that was reviewed and updated on a monthly basis, did not include an agreement as to who would be the receptor of project asset. This brought chaos during closure when government claimed all assets should be turn over to them and the donor refused, simply because there was no indication of this in the close out document.

a christian nation Essay -- essays research papers

There are many different opinions regarding the idea that the United States is a Christian nation. After reading the Church book, however, I believe it is obvious that our country was not in fact founded on Christianity. Even though many religious right groups insist our laws should enforce the doctrines of Protestant Christianity. The documents written by our founding fathers say otherwise. The U.S. Constitution has no mention of Christianity or Jesus Christ, and is evidence within itself that our country was not founded as a Christian nation. The men who founded the legislature of our country had seen first hand the difficulties that church and state partnerships could create in Europe. The consequences of this partnership are the main reason a secular government was created in the United States. During the colonial period, alliances between religion and government produced oppression and tyranny on our own shores. Many colonies, for example, had laws limiting public office positions to Trinitarian Protestants. While some colonies had officially established churches and taxed all citizens to support them. Dissenters faced many obstacles of persecution. Many people began looking for an end to religious testing. They argued that true faith did not need or want the support of the government. These protestors were not anti-religious. In fact they believed that by allowing people their right to freedom from religion, they would eventually find themselves true Christians. P...

Does the UK have a Prime Ministerial government?

The Prime Minister is very much a staple of British politics today and it can be seen in the last thirty years that there has been a power shift in UK politics very much in favour of the Prime Minister. Traditionally, the UK government operated under a theoretical system known as cabinet government which is basically the idea that all members of the cabinet should have an equal say in policy making with the Prime Minister being ‘first among equals' in the cabinet. However, in recent times it can be seen that the UK government has moved to a system known as Prime Ministerial government which is when a prime minister uses its powers and influence to dominate all areas of government including the dictation of government policy. It can be seen that the powers of patronage the Prime Minister has, the control and bypass of the cabinet by the PM and the fact that the PM is in appearance the head of the country, all of which suggest a move towards a prime ministerial government in recent years. However, it can be argued that whilst the PM appears to be all dominant in fact the PM still relies on the support of its cabinet, its party and the strength of its party in parliament or in other words the success of the PM. One way in which in recent years, the UK has moved towards PM government is through the control and bypassing of the cabinet by various Prime Ministers.Government Regulation on Media in America In recent years, there has been a bypassing of cabinet government and an increase in the use of bilateral meetings (which is essentially a gathering of the PMs most trusted ministers from the cabinet and deciding what to do on certain policies before the cabinet meeting) which allows the pm to have more power over policy and also takes power usually reserved for the cabinet. An example of this is Blair's ‘kitchen cabinet' of which brown was the only ever present member whom he discussed policy with an example of this being the privatisation of the control of interest rates in the bank of England which was very much Blair's own personal policy. Another way there has been a move from cabinet government is that the prime minister has become able to push their own policy forward with little or no support from their parties for example Thatcher pushed through the poll tax bill even though the party was more or less united in opposition to the idea. In addition to this in recent years we have seen a dramatic increase in the number of personal advisors to the PM in comparison to previous years where the PM had barely any personal advisors and the now established PM's office which consists of advisors to the PM thereby limiting the need for cabinet consultation. These moves clearly show a bypassing and control of the government supporting the idea the UK has moved to a PM government rather than cabinet government. One restraint on the powers of the prime minister is the strength a majority in parliament. It could be argued that there is a correlation between the power of the prime minister and the parties size of majority in parliament for example Blair initially was a very strong prime minister operating under a strong majority in parliament going undefeated in parliament until after the 2005 election but, after significant lessening of the majority in the next election he wasn't as strong as he didn't have as much public support for him to justify himself and his policies to his party thereby lessening his/her power. This lessens or has a restraint on the Prime Ministers power as it ensures that they are very much under the power of the public opinion and that defines how powerful they are. For example, Brown was very much a weak Prime Minister in the sense of dictating policy as he simply didn't have enough public support or a large enough majority to make his own personal policy which was shown in the defeat he suffered over the gurka bill in 2008 which once again shows the restraint that public support and parliamentary majority has on a Prime Ministers power. Which shows the PM not to be an all dominant figure in government and very much accountable to its own party thereby suggesting that we do not operate under a PM government as the PM is still held accountable and therefore any dominance over the government the PM has is in fact sustained by parliament and when the support from parliament wanes it can be seen that the PM is not able to dictate policy for too long. Another way in which it could be seen that we operate under a PM government is appearance of the prime minister as a supposed head of the country. In recent years there has been an increased media focus on the PM (even leading to puppet parodies which can be seen to represent the national mood at the time) making them the focal point or at least seem to be of British politics, the increased media focus has also led to many voters voting for the prime minister candidate rather than the party they represent which also leads to more power as it shows the PM to be instantly recognisable and important so it commands respect. An example of the Media focus on the prime minister which made him more powerful as they would be seen as the figure head of the government is Blair coming out of the G8 meeting to address the nation and to drive to downing street to sort it out after 7/7 which made him more powerful as he was seen to care and be able to take action. Another way the PM appears to be the head of the country is in foreign policy, Prime ministers can be seen to be the head of foreign policy in terms of conflicts diplomacy and such for example, Blair is often seen as the man who made the decision to invade Iraq and Afghanistan which gives him the appearance of being the head of the country, but it also shows him to be able to dictate policy at least in that area and this can be seen with a variety of PMs in recent years such as Thatcher being known as the Iron Lady after the Falkland's war, Cameron's presiding over the conflict in Libya and the subsequent military operations there and Major over the first gulf war. This showed the PM's to be supposed heads of the country and gave certainly the appearance of a PM government and substance behind the appearance is perhaps shown by such decisive decision making during the conflict. Another way the PM's powers are under restraint is by their own party in terms of support (or lack thereof) . A Prime Ministerial government relies on its party for backing and allowance for the PM to dictate policy but they are also a restraint from the party in the sense that a lack of support would stop the PM from being able to do those things and usually ends in a new leadership election, there are numerous examples of this in recent history and Whilst it's certainly true that recent history has shown there to be at least two very strong Prime ministers namely Thatcher and Blair, both of these were both in some way in debt to their parties in the sense that they needed the party support to be such strong prime ministers for example for Blair to carry out his reforms he needed substantial support from his party, for Thatcher to carry out her new right policy's she needed substantial support from her party. This reliance can lead to the Prime Ministers downfall however; as it is very much the case the Party is very much happy for the PM to be powerful as long as they are successful in winning the next election so when this becomes under threat the Prime Minister is usually forced out, Thatcher was forced out after she forced through an extremely un popular poll tax bill for example. In other cases it can be seen because of a lack of a large party support some PM's never get the chance to be powerful and all PM's are restricted nearing the end of their Premiership e. g. Brown never really had the same power Blair had and at the end faced a leadership challenged which though he survived really signalled an end to any chance he had of being a powerful PM, in a similar situation with Major's premiership It could be seen that his leadership was very much affected due to the spectre of the previous conservative leader (thatcher) and also powerful opponents in the cabinet such as Howard and Portillo. This shows that a Prime Minister really relies on its party for power and influence thereby making a PM government entirely reliant on its party which more or less challenges the whole idea of a PM government. Another way it can be seen that the UK operates under a PM government is the Prime Ministers power of patronage which allows the PM to control policy through the threat or use of his power of dismissal and can use this to dominate Cabinet and on extension it's party. The PM chooses all of the ministers and junior ministers and all who sit in cabinet so whether the MPs progress in their political career relies on the favour to the PM thereby ensuring support of the PM from the lower down MPs and if they do not support the PM they are forced to resign for example MP John Hutton was forced to resign after saying Labour under Brown would be a ‘****ing disaster*' which shows that whilst people may argue that PMs need support from its ministers it can be seen equally or more so that ministers need the support of a PM which shows a move to PM government as it show the PM making the decisions and also controlling its party. In conclusion, it seems that there has indeed been a move towards PM government in recent years especially considering both Thatcher and Blairs premierships and whilst it may be said that the style of government depends on the personality of the Prime Minister traits of a PM government still remained in the premierships of the likes of Brown and Major so overall its clear to certain extent that there has been a move to a Prime Ministerial government. However it does seem that this is facilitated by the party and the cabinet so one may argue that whilst indeed it is a Prime Ministerial government it is supported and facilitated by the government it is perceived to dominate.

How to Talk About Fractions in Chinese

Know that you know your whole numbers in Chinese, you can talk about rational numbers in decimals, fractions, and percents with the addition of a few more vocabulary words. Of course, you can read and write numbers—like 4/3 or 3.75 or 15%—using the universal numerical system in Chinese-speaking regions. However, when it comes to reading those numbers out loud, youll need to know these new Mandarin Chinese terms. Parts of a Whole Fractions can be expressed either as parts of a whole (half, quarter, etc.) or as decimal fractions. In English, parts of a whole are stated as â€Å"XX parts of YY,† with XX being the parts of the whole and YY being the whole. An example of this is saying two parts of three, which also means two-thirds.   However, the phrase construction is the opposite in Chinese. Parts of a whole  are stated as YY 分ä ¹â€¹ XX. The pinyin of 分ä ¹â€¹ is fÄ“n zhÄ «, and is written the same in both traditional and simplified Chinese.  Note that the number representing the whole comes at the beginning of the phrase.   One-half can be stated as either ä ¸â‚¬Ã¥ Å  (yÄ « bà  n)  or using the phrase construction mentioned above:  Ã¤ ºÅ'分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (à ¨r fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). There is no Chinese equivalent to the term one-quarter besides  Ã¥â€ºâ€ºÃ¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ (s à ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « yÄ «). Examples of Parts of a Whole three-quarterssà ¬ fÄ“n zhÄ « sÄ n四分ä ¹â€¹Ã¤ ¸â€°eleven-sixteenthsshà ­ lià ¹ fÄ“n zhÄ « shà ­ yÄ «Ã¥  Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¥  Ã¤ ¸â‚¬ Decimals Fractions can also be stated as decimals. The word for decimal point in Mandarin Chinese is written as é »Å¾ in traditional form and ç‚ ¹ in simplified form. The character is pronounced as diÇŽn.   If a number begins with the decimal point, it can optionally be prefaced with é› ¶ (là ­ng), which means zero. Each digit of the decimal fraction is stated individually just like a whole number. Examples of Decimal Fractions 1.3yÄ « diÇŽn sÄ nä ¸â‚¬Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ¸â€° (trad)ä ¸â‚¬Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ¸â€° (simp)0.5674ling diÇŽn wÇ” lià ¹ qÄ « sà ¬Ã©â€º ¶Ã© »Å¾Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (trad)é› ¶Ã§â€š ¹Ã¤ ºâ€Ã¥â€¦ ­Ã¤ ¸Æ'å›› (simp) Percents The same phrase construction used in expressing parts of a whole is also used when talking about percentages. Except for when talking about percents in Chinese, the whole is always 100. Thus, XX% will follow this template: ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹ (bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ «) XX.   Examples of Percents 20%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « à ¨r shà ­Ã§â„¢ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºÅ'Ã¥  5%bÇŽi fÄ“n zhÄ « wÇ”ç™ ¾Ã¥Ë†â€ Ã¤ ¹â€¹Ã¤ ºâ€