The Lucrative Sectors of the South African Economy Research Paper

The Lucrative Sectors of the South African Economy - Research Paper Example The mine worker continues to be over-exploited by the current regime just like the over-exploitation of the black South African in the apartheid period. Furthermore, they are lowly paid and suffer due to poor working conditions. This has led to a class struggle between the rich ruling people who take shares in the ownership of the countries factors of production while leaving the poor people at their mercy. In August 2012, the mine workers at Marikana experienced a massacre which opened the eyes of the workers to the types of neo-colonization with a class struggle that made the mine workers poorer and their working conditions worse. With regards to the working conditions of the mine workers in South Africa, apartheid effects are still felt from the successive governments. The African National Congress (ANC) presents the â€Å"neo-apartheid regime with typical features of historical apartheid† such as overexploitation of workers, poor wages, poor working conditions, protects, a rrests and murder of protesting workers (Clark and Worger 23). During the Marikana massacre, 69 black protesters were killed and approximately 18,000 activists arrested. Although the African National Congress has led South Africa for about 20 years now while advocating for equality in all sectors of the economy and declining the effects posed by the colonial masters during the apartheid time, all the talks of â€Å"post-apartheid† South Africa have resulted into an equally similar leadership like that of apartheid.

Do lung epithelia in COPD undergo transition to behave more like Essay

Do lung epithelia in COPD undergo transition to behave more like finroblast - Essay Example This process of repair, if successful, is beneficial to the body because it enables the affected tissue restore its functions (Pauwels et al., 2012). However, the repair process can be defective leading to collagen overproduction, formation of excess fibroblasts and fibrosis. This defective repair of epithelia tissue has not been well explored. A more detailed evaluation is important to give proper insight on whether pathological repair of the lung tissue because of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease can lead to conversion of an epithelial cell into a fibroblast. To begin with is an elaboration of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary disease (Barnes and Kleinert, 2004). It is characterised by ineffective flow of air in and out of the lungs. Less air flows in and out of the lungs because air sacs and airways have lost elasticity, air sac walls are destroyed and airway walls are inflamed and thickened. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a disease that keeps progressing (getting worse) since onset and makes it difficult for a person to breathe. COPD is found to start and develop slowly and increasingly limit an individual’s ability to perform tasks (Control et al., 2012; Romain A. Pauwels and Rabe, 2004). In some countries like United States of America, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease is a common term for two conditions namely emphysema and chronic bronchitis. Air sacs walls are damaged in emphysema thereby lose their shape and appear floppy. Further damage leads to damage of air sac walls leading to larger but fewer air sacs instead of several tiny ones. Hence, the respiratory function of the lung is greatly affected and subsequently gaseous exchange is reduced too. In most instances, emphysema is accompanied by chronic bronchitis hence use of a Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease as a term to describe the two condition (Han et al., 2010). COPD symptoms rarely occur at early stages